Apepi

Also known as: Nebkhepeshre, Aqenenre, Aweserre, Apophis Dynasty XV

It was once believed that there were two separate kings named Apepi, but it is now known that there was only one. For unknown reasons, he changed his name twice during his reign.

Reign of Apepi
AE Chronology1575–1540
Ryholt1581–1541
Dodson1585–1545

 

The Royal Titulary

From the hieroglyphic records

Horus name
Horus name of Apepi: Sehotep tawy
Sehotep tawy
sḥtp-tꜢwi
The one who has pacified the Two Lands
s-Htp:t*p-N17:N17
Offering table, (Cairo Museum, CG 23073, JE 39605)
, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (), 114-115, 5:H
Throne name
Throne name of Apepi: Neb khepesh Ra
Neb khepesh Ra
nb-ḫpš-rꜤ
Possessor of the strong arm of Ra
ra:nb-xpS
Early reign
Dagger in Luxor Museum, (CG 52768, JE 32735)
ASAE, 7, 119
, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (), 116-117, e:T1
Throne name variant
Throne name of Apepi: Aa qen en Ra
Aa qen en Ra
ꜤꜢ-ḳni.n-rꜤ
The great one, whom Ra has made brave
ra-aA:a-q:n:n
Middle reign
Offering table, (Cairo Museum, CG 23073, JE 39605)
, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (), 114-115, 5:T1
Throne name variant
Throne name of Apepi: Aa user Ra
Aa user Ra
ꜤꜢ-wsr-rꜤ
The great one, whom Ra has made strong
ra-aA:Z1:a:Y1-F78-s
Late reign
Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, 15, 494ff (XVII)
, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (), 114-115, 5:T2
Throne name variant
Throne name of Apepi: Aa user Ra
Aa user Ra
ꜤꜢ-wsr-rꜤ
The great one, whom Ra has made strong
ra:aA-wsr
Late reign
Vase, Metropolitan Museum, 21.7.7
Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 3, plate 21 (1)
, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (), 114-115, 5:T3
Throne name variant
Throne name of Apepi: Heqa en hut Waret, Aa user Ra
Heqa en hut Waret, Aa user Ra
ḥḳꜢ n ḥwt-wꜤrt ꜤꜢ-wsr-rꜤ
The ruler of Avaris, Aauserra
HqA-q:Y1:n-O6:t-D56-t:n-ra-aA:a-wsr-s
Habachi, The second Stela of Kamose, pl. 7, rows 19-20

, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (), 114-115, 5:T4
Birth name
Birth name of Apepi: Apopi
Apopi
i-p-p
i-p:p
Early reign
ASAE, 7, 119
, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (), 114-115, 5:E1
Birth name variant
Birth name of Apepi: Apopi
Apopi
ippi
i-A2-p:p-i
Red granite jar, Berlin ÄM 20366
Naville, Bubastis, plate XXXV (C)
, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (), 114-115, 5:E2
Birth name variant
Birth name of Apepi: Apopi
Apopi
ippi
i-A2-p:p-i-A14
Habachi, The second Stela of Kamose, pl. 7, row 20
, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (), 114-115, 5:E3
Birth name variant
Birth name of Apepi: Apopi
Apopi
ipp(i)
i-A2-p:p
ZÄS , 39, 86
, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (), 114-115, 5:E4

The sources of antiquity

From the writings of the historians and scholars of antiquity

AuthorGreekTransliterationTranscriptionReign
Africanus xv, 6 Aφοβις Aphobis Aphobis 49 years
Eusebius xvii, 3 Aφωφις Aphophis Aphophis 30 years
Josephus 80 Aπωφις Apophis Apophis 61 years

Bibliography


Handbuch der Ägyptischen Königsnamen, MÄS 49 (1999): 114–115
The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I – Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC (London, 2008), 58–60
Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 18 (1912): 139–143
The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary (Atlanta, 2013), 82

 

End of page
The Royal titulary

The full titulary was announced at the coronation, when a pharaoh officially became king.

Horus
Horus name
The oldest form of a pharaoh's name, often enclosed in a serekh, a sort of "heraldic crest" representing a palace facade.

Nebty
Nebty name
The "Two Ladies", the heraldic goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet, representing Upper and Lower Egypt respectively.

Golden Horus
Golden Horus name
Gold was strongly associated with eternity, but the meaning of this title is disputed.

Prenomen
Throne name
(prenomen) Announced at the coronation, and written in a cartouche.

Nomen
Personal name
(nomen) The name given at birth, also written in a cartouche.

Kinglists
Ancient historians

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