Nebra
| Also known as: Raneb, Kakau | Dynasty II |
The Horus name of Nebra can also be read as Raneb, but the preferred reading is Nebra, as this implies that the king rules over the sun as a celestial body. Reading it as Raneb assumes that Ra was already worshipped as a god, which does not seem to have happened until the third dynasty.
The New Kingdom throne name is of Nebra is Kakau, whose origin is a mystery.
| Reign of Nebra | |
|---|---|
| AE Chronology | c. 2700 |
| von Beckerath | 2800–2785 |
| Redford | 2820–2790 |
| Turin Canon | 95 (years?) |
| Manetho (Africanus) | 39 years |
The Royal Titulary
From the hieroglyphic records
Winkler, Rock-drawings of Southern Upper Egypt, I, plate 11 (4)
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 42-43, 2:H2
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 42-43, 2:H1
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 42-43, 2:1
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 42-43, 2:1
Gardiner, The Royal Canon of Turin (1959), II:21
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 42-43, 2:2
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 42-43, 2:E
The sources of antiquity
From the writings of the historians and scholars of antiquity
| Author | Greek | Transliteration | Transcription | Reign |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africanus ii, 2 | Καιεχως | Kaiekhos | Kaiechos | 39 years |
| Eusebius ii, 2 | Χωος | Khoös | Choos | |
| Eratosthenes 7 | Στοιχος | Stoikhos | Stoechus | 6 years |
Bibliography
Beckerath, J. Handbuch der Ägyptischen Königsnamen, MÄS 49 (1999): 42–43
Baker. D. D. The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I – Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC (London, 2008), 246–247
Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 17 (1907): 38
Leprohon, R. J. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary (Atlanta, 2013), 28
The full titulary was announced at the coronation, when a pharaoh officially became king.
Horus name
The oldest form of a pharaoh's name, often enclosed in a serekh, a sort of "heraldic crest" representing a palace facade.
Nebty name
The "Two Ladies", the heraldic goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet, representing Upper and Lower Egypt respectively.
Golden Horus name
Gold was strongly associated with eternity, but the meaning of this title is disputed.
Throne name
(prenomen) Announced at the coronation, and written in a cartouche.
Personal name
(nomen) The name given at birth, also written in a cartouche.
- Turin king list
223 kings – Dynasty 19 - Abydos Canon
76 kings – Dynasty 19 - Saqqara Canon
58 kings – Dynasty 19 - Karnak Canon
61 kings – Dynasty 18 - Comparing the canons
Abydos, Saqqara and Karnak - Ramesseum Canon
Ramesses II Mortuary Temple - Medinet Habu Canon
Ramesses III Mortuary Temple
Ancient historians
- Herodotus
450 BC – Histories - Manetho
250 BC – Aegyptiaca - Diodorus
50 BC – Bibliotheca Historica - Josephus
100 CE – Against Apion - Africanus
220 CE – Chronographai - Eusebius
325 CE – Chronicon - Jerome
380 CE – Chronicon - Syncellus
800 CE – Egloga Chronographai - Eratosthenes
Probably a forgery (date unknown) - Comparing the sources
Transmission of Manetho
by Africanus et. al.
Creative Commons
license
All content on this website is free to copy, redistribute and adapt in any medium or format, provided you give the appropriate credit. Yes, this includes images and texts. Keep information free!