Ramesses X in hieroglyphs

The ninth pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty, a.k.a. Ramses X, Rameses X

Virtually nothing is known of this obscure pharaoh. Tomb KV18 in the Valley of the Kings was prepared for him, but appears to have been abandoned unfinished. It is unknown if he was ever buried there.

Precedessor
Ramesses IX

Successor
Ramesses XI
Reign of Ramesses X
AE Chronology1110–1107
v. Beckerath1107–1103
Shaw1108–1099
Dodson1104–1094
Arnold1112–1100
Malek1108–1099
Grimal1107–1098
Redford1120–1111
Highest attestationYear 3

The Royal Titulary

From the hieroglyphic records

The Dual King
The Son of Ra

Horus Ka nakht sekha en Ra  The Dual King Kheper maat Ra, setep en Ra  Son of Ra Ramessu, Amun her khepeshef

Horus name

Horus name

The oldest form of the name of a pharaoh, a falcon representing Horus is perched on the palace facade.

Horus name
Ka nakht sekha en Ra
kꜢ-nḫt sḫꜤꜤ-rꜤ
The strong bull, he who appears at the behest of Ra
E1:D40-C2-z:xa-a:a:n
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions , VI, 679 (3b)
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 174-175, 9:H

Throne names

Prenomen or throne name

Announced at the coronation and always written in a cartouche. The “official” name of the pharaoh. Also known as the Prenomen.

Throne name
Kheper maat Ra, setep en Ra
ḫpr-mꜢꜤt-rꜤ stp.n-rꜤ
The (very) manifestation of the Maat of Ra, chosen by Ra
ra-xpr-C10A-stp&n&ra
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 239b
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 174-175, 9:T1
Throne name variant
Kheper maat Ra setep en Ra
ḫpr-mꜢꜤt-n-rꜤ stp.n-rꜤ
The (very) manifestation of the Maat of Ra, chosen by Ra
C10A\-xpr-C2-n:stp&n&ra
British Museum Ostracon EA5621
Birch, Inscriptions in the Hieratic and Demotic Character from the Collections of the British Museum, plate II
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 174-175, 9:T3

Birth names

Nomen or birth name

Personal name given at birth. Also known as the Nomen.

Birth name
Ramessu, Amun her khepeshef
rꜤ-msi-sw imn-(ḥr)-ḫpš.f
Ra fashioned him, upon the strong arm of Amun
C2\-C12-sw-ms-s
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 239b
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 174-175, 9:E1
Birth name variant
Ramessu, Amun her khepeshef, mery Amun
rꜤ-msi-sw imn-(ḥr)-ḫpš.f mri-imn
Ra fashioned him, upon the strong arm of Amun, beloved of Amun
C2A\-ms-C12F-z:z:N36-i-mn:n:f
British Museum Ostracon EA5621
Birch, Inscriptions in the Hieratic and Demotic Character from the Collections of the British Museum, plate II
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 174-175, 9:E2
Birth name variant
Ramessu, Amun her khepeshef, mery Amun
rꜤ-msi-sw imn-(ḥr)-ḫpš.f mri-imn
Ra fashioned him, upon the strong arm of Amun, beloved of Amun
C12F-ra:ms-z:z:N36-i-mn:n
British Museum Ostracon EA5621
Birch, Inscriptions in the Hieratic and Demotic Character from the Collections of the British Museum, plate II
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 174-175, 9:E3

Bibliography

  • Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 19 (1913): 216–219
  • Beckerath, J., 1999. “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, Second edition, MÄS 49: 174–175
  • Leprohon, R. J., 2013. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary. Atlanta: 134
  • Baker. D. D., 2008. The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I. London: 333
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