Egypt became a Roman province after the conquest of the last dynasty in 30 BC. They are included here because locally, the Emperors continued the use of hieroglyphics for another 300 years, until it finally stopped as the knowledge was eventually lost.
# | Emperor | Latin names | Reign (CE) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Augustus | Imperator Caesar Divi Filius Augustus | 27 BC - 14 CE |
2 | Tiberius | Tiberius Caesar Divi Augusti Fīlius Augustus | 14–37 |
3 | Caligula | Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus | 37–41 |
4 | Claudius | Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus | 41–54 |
5 | Nero | Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus | 54–68 |
6 | Galba | Servius Sulpicius Galba Caesar Augustus | 68–69 |
7 | Otho | Marcus Salvius Otho Caesar Augustus | 69 |
8 | Vespasianus | Vespsian, Titus Flavius Caesar Vespasianus Augustus | 69–79 |
9 | Titus | Titus Flavius Sabinus Vespasianus Augustus | 79–81 |
10 | Domitianus | Domitian, Titus Flavius Caesar Domitianus Augustus | 81–96 |
11 | Nerva | Marcus Cocceius Nerva Caesar Augustus | 96–98 |
12 | Trajanus | Trajan, Imperator Caesar Nerva Traianus Divi Nervae filius Augustus | 98–117 |
13 | Hadrianus | Hadrian, Publius Aelius Hadrianus Augustus | 117–138 |
14 | Antoninus Pius | Titus Fulvus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius | 138–161 |
15 | Marcus Aurelius | Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus | 161–180 |
16 | Lucius Verus | Lucius Aurelius Verus Augustus | 161–169 |
17 | Commodus | Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus | 177–192 |
18 | Septimius Severus | Lucius Septimius Severus Augustus | 193–211 |
19 | Caracalla | Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus Augustus | 217–218 |
20 | Geta | Publius Septimius Geta Augustus | 217–218 |
21 | Macrinus | Marcus Opellius Severus Macrinus Augustus | 244–249 |
22 | Diadumenianus | Diadumenian, Marcus Opellius Antoninus Diadumenianus | 249–251 |
23 | Philippus Arabs | Philip the Arab, Marcus Julius Philippus Augustus | 253–260 |
24 | Trajanus Decius | Decius, Caesar Gaius Messius Quintus Traianus Decius Augustus | 276–282 |
25 | Valerianus | Valerian, Publius Licinius Valerianus Augustus | 284–305 |
26 | Probus | Marcus Aurelius Probus Augustus | 276–282 |
27 | Diocletianus | Diocletian, Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus | 284–305 |
28 | Maximianus | Maximian, Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Herculius Augustus | 286–305 |
29 | Galerius | Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus Augustus | 305–311 |
30 | Maximinus Daia | Maximinus II, Gaius Valerius Galerius Maximinus Daia Augustus | 311–313 |
OK – Old Kingdom
Dynasties 3-6
MK – Middle Kingdom
Dynasties 11-12
NK – New Kingdom
Dynasties 18-20
SIP – Second Intermediate Period
Dynasties 13-17
Thebes – The Southern capital
Memphis – The Northern capital
Epitome – Manetho’s original Aegyptiaca was lost in antiquity, and in the following centuries, it was replaced by Epitomes (summaries) by rivalling advocates of Jewish, Egyptian, and Greek history that saw each side trying to establish the truth according to their point of view.
Vorlage – From the German for prototype or template, a vorlage is a prior version of a manuscript, in this case an earlier version of the canon.
Recto and verso – Recto is the front side and verso is the back side of a written or printed text.
Cartouche – oval band enclosing a pharaohs name
Hieratic – cursive form of hieroglyphic script
Hyksos – Greek form of
Mortuary Temple – where the gods and the king who built the temple were worshipped.
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