Turin king list: Column 1
Column
An introduction (that is lost in lacuna) detailing the content and perhaps the purpose of the king list, including the date and perhaps even the name of the scribe. This is followed by the nine gods of the Great Ennead (1.12-20), and the summation (1.21-24).
| Rows | Remarks |
|---|---|
| 1–9 | Lacuna (Introduction) |
| 10–11 | Lacuna (Heading for the Gods?) |
| 12–20 | Seven gods (1.14-1.20) with two lost in lacuna. |
| 21–24 | Summation for the Gods |
| Quick reference key | |
|---|---|
| ditto mark | Implied repeating text (ditto marks) is represented in blue. |
| missing | Missing signs that can be restored are represented in grey. |
| Red | Signs written with red ink are presented in red. |
| ... | Signs that are lost or unreadable is represented by 3 dots. |
| Papyrus is lost |
| This row is lost in lacuna |
| Papyrus is lost |
| This row is lost in lacuna |
| Papyrus is lost |
| This row is lost in lacuna |
| Papyrus is lost |
| This row is lost in lacuna |
| Papyrus is lost |
| This row is lost in lacuna |
| Papyrus is lost |
| This row is lost in lacuna |
| Papyrus is lost |
| This row is lost in lacuna |
| Papyrus is lost |
| This row is lost in lacuna |
| Papyrus is lost |
| This row is lost in lacuna |
| Papyrus is lost |
| This row is lost in lacuna |
| Papyrus is lost |
| This row is lost in lacuna |
| Papyrus is lost |
| This row is lost in lacuna |
| Divinity | Uncertain/Unknown | ||
| Gardiner | I 13 | Fragment | 11 + 151 |
The Dual King Geb reigned ... 13
nsw-bit gb ꜤḥꜤ ... 13
| Divinity | Geb | ||
| Gardiner | I 14 | Fragment | 11 + 151 |
2. Gardiner 1959: 16 (I 14 a)
The Dual King Osiris ...
nsw-bit wsir
| Divinity | Osiris | ||
| Gardiner | I 15 | Fragment | 11 + 151 |
name, Q1, is normally written in hieratic with two vertical lines, and not as seen here with a bent second stroke. Gardiner read the sign as U40, but that sign is not present in Möller. Furthermore, there is no mythological being that begin with the U40-sign, so it is reasonably certain that the sign should be read as Q1, as read by Farina.1
The Dual King Set ... 200 + x years
nsw-bit stẖ ... rnp.t 200
| Divinity | Set | ||
| Gardiner | I 16 | Fragment | 11 |
The Dual King Horus gods 300 years
nsw-bit ḥr-nṯrw-rnpt 300
| Divinity | Horus | ||
| Gardiner | I 17 | Fragment | 11 |
The Dual King Djehuty (Thoth), life, prosperity, and health 7726 years
nsw-bit ḏḥwty Ꜥnḫ wḏꜢ snb rnpt 7726
| Divinity | Thoth | ||
| Gardiner | I 18 | Fragment | 11 |
2. Farina 1938: 16 (I 18)
The Dual King Maat ... 700 (+x) years
nsw-bit mꜢꜤ.t rnpt 700 (+x)
| Divinity | Maat | ||
| Gardiner | I 19 | Fragment | 11 |
The Dual King Haroeris...
nsw- bit ḥr-wr ...
| Divinity | Hor... | ||
| Gardiner | I 20 | Fragment | 11 + 12 |
Total: x kings their years...
dmḏ nswyt x rnpt s[n]
| Summation | |||
| Gardiner | I 21 | Fragment | 11 + 12 |
Total: their years x
2. Helck 1992: 152ff, 216
Total: 9 kings ...
dmḏ ... 9
| Summation | |||
| Gardiner | I 22 | Fragment | 11 + 12 |
2. Gardiner 1959: 15 (I 22 a)
The Dual King Haroeris ...
nsw-bit ḥr wr ...
| Summation | |||
| Gardiner | I 23 | Fragment | 11 + 12 |
... 7718 years
... rnpt 7718
| Summation | |||
| Gardiner | I 24 | Fragment | 11 + 12 |
| Heading/Summation? | |||
| Gardiner | I 25 | Fragment | 12 |
Bibliography
Beckerath, Jürgen von. 1964. Untersuchungen zur politischen Geschichte der Zweiten Zwischenzeit in Ägypten. Glückstadt: Augustin.
———. 1966. ‘Die Dynastie Der Herakleopoliten (9./10. Dynastie)’. ZÄS 93: 13–20.
———. 1984. ‘Bemerkungen zum Turiner Königspapyrus und zu den Dynastien der ägyptischen Geschichte’. Studien Zur Altägyptischen Kultur 11: 49–58.
———. 1995. ‘Some Remarks on Helck’s “Anmerkungen zum Turiner Königspapyrus”’. JEA 81: 225–27.
———. 1999. Handbuch Der Ägyptischen Königsnamen. 2nd ed. MÄS 49. Mainz: von Zabern.
Farina, Giulio. 1938. Il Papiro dei re, restaurato. Rome: G. Bardi.
Gardiner, Alan Henderson. 1957. Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs. 3d ed., rev. Oxford: Griffith Institute.
———. 1959. The Royal Canon of Turin. Oxford: Griffith Institute.
Goedicke, Hans. 1956. ‘King ḤwḏfꜢ?’ JEA 42: 50–53.
Griffith, Francis Llewellyn. 1897. The Petrie Papyri: Hieratic Papyri from Kahun and Gurob. 2 vols. London: Quaritch.
Heagy, Thomas C. 2014. ‘Who Was Menes?’ Archéo-Nil 24: 59–92.
Helck, Wolfgang. 1956. Untersuchungen zu Manetho und den ägyptischen Königslisten. UGAÄ 18. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.
———. 1992. ‘Anmerkungen zum Turiner Königspapyrus’. Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur 19: 151–216.
Kitchen, Kenneth Anderson. 1967. ‘Byblos, Egypt, and Mari in the Early Second Millennium B.C.’ Orientalia 36 (1): 39–54.
———. 1979. ‘P. Turin N.1847, Vso.’ In Ramesside Inscriptions, 2:827–44. Oxford: Blackwell.
Lepsius, Carl Richard. 1842. Auswahl Der Wichtigsten Urkunden Des Aegyptischen Alterthums. Leipzig: Wigand.
Málek, Jaromír. 1982. ‘The Original Version of the Royal Canon of Turin’. JEA 68: 93–106.
Meyer, Eduard. 1904. Aegyptische Chronologie. Berlin: Verl. der Königl. Akad. der Wiss.
Möller, Georg. 1927. Hieratische Paläographie. Die aegyptische Buchschrift in ihrer Entwicklung von der fünften Dynastie bis zur römischen Kaiserzeit. 2nd ed. Vol. 2. Osnabruck: Otto Zeller.
Murnane, William J. 1977. Ancient Egyptian Coregencies. Chicago: Oriental Institute.
Petrie, William M. Flinders. 1900. Royal Tombs of the First Dynasty. Memoirs of the Egypt Exploration Fund 18. London: Egypt Exploration Fund.
Redford, Donald B. 1986. Pharaonic King-Lists, Annals and Day-Books. Mississauga: Benben Publications.
Rougé, Emmanuel de. 1866. ‘Recherches Sur Les Monuments Qu’on Peut Attribuer Aux Six Premières Dynasties de Manéthon’. MIE 25 (2): 225–376.
Ryholt, Kim. 1997. The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c. 1800-1550 B.C. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press.
———. 1998. ‘Hotepibre, a Supposed Asiatic King in Egypt with Relations to Ebla’. BASOR 311: 1–6.
———. 2000. ‘The Late Old Kingdom in the Turin King-List and the Identity of Nitocris’. ZÄS 127: 87–100.
———. 2004. ‘The Turin King-List’. Ägypten Und Levant 14: 135–55.
———. 2008. ‘King Seneferka in the King-Lists and His Position in the Early Dynastic Period’. Journal of Egyptian History 1: 159–73.
———. 2018. ‘Seals and History of the 14th and 15th Dynasties’. The Hyksos Ruler Khyan and the Early Second Intermediate Period in Egypt : Problems and Priorities of Current Research, ErghÖJh 17: 235–76.
Schneider, Thomas. 2006. ‘The Relative Chronology of the Middle Kingdom and the Hyksos Period (Dyns. 12–17)’. In Ancient Egyptian Chronology, 168–96. Handbook of Oriental Studies 83. Leiden, Boston: Brill.
———. 2018. ‘Khyan’s Place in History. A New Look at the Chronographic Tradition’. The Hyksos Ruler Khyan and the Early Second Intermediate Period in Egypt : Problems and Priorities of Current Research, ErghÖJh 17: 277–85.
Sethe, Kurt. 1904. ‘Zur zeitlichen Festlegung der zwölften Dynastie und zur Benutzung ägyptischer Sothisdaten überhaupt’. ZÄS 41: 38–42.
———. 1905. Beiträge zur ältesten Geschichte Ägyptens. UGAÄ 3. Leipzig: Hinrichs.
Wilkinson, John Gardner. 1851. The Fragments of the Hieratic Papyrus at Turin. 2 vols. London: Richards.
Manetho – An Egyptian priest who wrote Aegyptiaca, “the History of Egypt” in the third century BC, and has ever since been the source for the chronology of the kingdom.
Epitome – Manetho’s original was lost in antiquity, and in the following centuries replaced by Epitomes (summaries) by rivalling advocates of Jewish, Egyptian, and Greek history that saw each side trying to establish the truth according to their point of view.
Vorlage – German for prototype or template, a vorlage is a prior version of a manuscript, in this case an earlier version of the king list.
Fibre correspondence – finding the horizontal and/or vertical position of a fragment by visually aligning the papyrus fibres.
Lacuna – a gap in the papyrus where the text is lost.
Recto and verso – Recto is the front side and verso is the back side of a written or printed text.
Ligature – a combination of two or more signs or letters into a single symbol.
Cartouche – oval band enclosing a pharaohs name
Hieratic – a cursive form of the hieroglyphic signs and ligatures
Transliteration – To translate hieroglyphs they need to be converted into a readable alphabetic script. This is known as transliteration, and use letters not normally present on keyboards:
The Dual King – The title of the king of all of Egypt, also presented as King of Upper and Lower Egypt.
Hyksos – Greek form of
Mortuary Temple – where the gods and the king who built the temple were worshipped.
JSesh – I highly recommend JSesh Hieroglyphic Editor by Serge Rosmorduc, which is the best editor to use for hieroglyphic texts of any kind. It is also completely free.
- Turin king list
223 kings – Dynasty 19 - Abydos Canon
76 kings – Dynasty 19 - Saqqara Canon
58 kings – Dynasty 19 - Karnak Canon
61 kings – Dynasty 18 - Comparing the canons
Abydos, Saqqara and Karnak - Ramesseum Canon
Ramesses II Mortuary Temple - Medinet Habu Canon
Ramesses III Mortuary Temple
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