Turin king list: Column 2
Column
Fragments with the names of gods, demigods, and sacred animals. This column 2 is not present in Farina or Gardiner, but was reconstructed by Ryholt from fragments in column X. This column makes sense as it contains the names of divine beings, which would have been present in the early parts of the document. However, the writing is quite small and compact compared to columns 1 and 3, which contradict this position, which seems to fit better in columns 10 or 11. The patch on fr. 41 and 42 is consistent with a 'missing' patch that should be located in the vicinity of the proposed second column.
| Rows | Remarks | Kings |
|---|---|---|
| 1–7 | Sacred animals? | 7 |
| 8–11 | Four gods | 4 |
| 12 | Lacuna | |
| 13–18 | Five names (of gods?) | 5 |
| 19–20 | Lacuna | |
| 21–23 | Three names (of gods) | 3 |
| 24–26 | Lacuna | |
| Quick reference key | |
|---|---|
| ditto mark | Implied repeating text (ditto marks) is represented in blue. |
| missing | Missing signs that can be restored are represented in grey. |
| Red | Signs written with red ink are presented in red. |
| ... | Signs that are lost or unreadable is represented by 3 dots. |
The Dual King Ibis(?) ...
nsw-bit hꜢb ...
| Divinity | Ibis | ||
| Gardiner | IX 17 | Fragment | 41 |
2. Ryholt 1997: 25
3. Lepsius, Auswahl, plate 4
4. Farina 1938: plate IX
5. Gardiner 1959: 17, 11
The Dual King Aped ...
nsw-bit Ꜣpd ...
| Divinity | The Bird/Goose(?) | ||
| Gardiner | IX 18 | Fragment | 41 |
2. Ryholt 1997: 25
The Dual King Hepu ...
nsw-bit ḥpw ...
| Divinity | Apis | ||
| Gardiner | IX 19 | Fragment | 41 |
2. Ryholt 1997: 25
The Dual King Shemsu ...
nsw-bit šmsw ir.n ...
| Divinity | Shemsu | ||
| Gardiner | IX 20 | Fragment | 89 + 41 |
2. Gardiner 1957: 595
The Dual King Meni ...
nsw-bit mni ...
| Divinity | Meni | ||
| Gardiner | IX 21 | Fragment | 89 + 41 + 42 |
The Dual King Werqa ...
nsw-bit wr-ḳꜢ ...
| Divinity | Werqa | ||
| Gardiner | IX 22 | Fragment | 89 + 41 + 42 |
| Divinity | Uncertain/Unknown | ||
| Gardiner | IX 23 | Fragment | 41 + 42 |
The Dual King Af...
nsw-bit if ...
| Divinity | Uncertain/Unknown | ||
| Gardiner | X 1 | Fragment | 150 |
The Dual King Seth ...
nsw-bit stẖ ...
| Divinity | Seth | ||
| Gardiner | X 2 | Fragment | 150 |
The Dual King "The doctor" ...
nsw-bit swnw ...
| Divinity | Thoth | ||
| Gardiner | X 3 | Fragment | 150 |
The Dual King Horus ...
nsw-bit ḥrw ...
| Divinity | Horus | ||
| Gardiner | X 4 | Fragment | 150 |
| Papyrus is lost |
| This row is lost in lacuna |
| Divinity | Uncertain/Unknown | ||
| Gardiner | X 6 | Fragment | 152 |
The Dual King "does not thirst" ...
nsw-bit n ib ...
| Divinity | Uncertain/Unknown | ||
| Gardiner | X 7 | Fragment | 152 |
The Dual King ...
nsw-bit ...
| Divinity | Uncertain/Unknown | ||
| Gardiner | X 8 | Fragment | 151 + 152 |
Nesensebk sew...2 is very uncertain. The sbk-sign seem likely, but the other signs make no sense.32. Farina 1938: 52 (X 9)
3. Ryholt 2004: 139
The Dual King Pensetensepet ...
nsw-bit pns.t n spt ...
| Divinity | Uncertain/Unknown | ||
| Gardiner | X 9 | Fragment | 151 + 152 |
2. Beckerath 1999: 112 n. 1 (Erdklumpen des Ufers)
The Dual King Her-hemut-shepsesut
nsw-bit ẖr-ḥm.wt-šps.w[t]
| Divinity | Uncertain/Unknown | ||
| Gardiner | X 10 | Fragment | 151 |
The Dual King Khu-hemut-shepsesut
nsw-bit ḫw-ḥm.wt-šps.wt?
| Divinity | Uncertain/Unknown | ||
| Gardiner | X 11 | Fragment | 151 |
| Papyrus is lost |
| This row is lost in lacuna |
| Papyrus is lost |
| This row is lost in lacuna |
The Dual King ...
nsw-bit ...
| Divinity | Uncertain/Unknown | ||
| Gardiner | X 24 | Fragment | 22 + ? |
The Dual King Sokar ...
nsw-bit skr ...
| Divinity | Sokar | ||
| Gardiner | X 25 | Fragment | 22 + ? |
The Dual King, Iaret x years ...
nsw-bit Ꜥrt ... rnpt ...
| Divinity | Iaret (Uraeus) | ||
| Gardiner | X 26 | Fragment | 22 + ? |
| Papyrus is lost |
| This row is lost in lacuna |
| Papyrus is lost |
| This row is lost in lacuna |
| Papyrus is lost |
| This row is lost in lacuna |
Bibliography
Beckerath, Jürgen von. 1964. Untersuchungen zur politischen Geschichte der Zweiten Zwischenzeit in Ägypten. Glückstadt: Augustin.
———. 1966. ‘Die Dynastie Der Herakleopoliten (9./10. Dynastie)’. ZÄS 93: 13–20.
———. 1984. ‘Bemerkungen zum Turiner Königspapyrus und zu den Dynastien der ägyptischen Geschichte’. Studien Zur Altägyptischen Kultur 11: 49–58.
———. 1995. ‘Some Remarks on Helck’s “Anmerkungen zum Turiner Königspapyrus”’. JEA 81: 225–27.
———. 1999. Handbuch Der Ägyptischen Königsnamen. 2nd ed. MÄS 49. Mainz: von Zabern.
Farina, Giulio. 1938. Il Papiro dei re, restaurato. Rome: G. Bardi.
Gardiner, Alan Henderson. 1957. Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs. 3d ed., rev. Oxford: Griffith Institute.
———. 1959. The Royal Canon of Turin. Oxford: Griffith Institute.
Goedicke, Hans. 1956. ‘King ḤwḏfꜢ?’ JEA 42: 50–53.
Griffith, Francis Llewellyn. 1897. The Petrie Papyri: Hieratic Papyri from Kahun and Gurob. 2 vols. London: Quaritch.
Heagy, Thomas C. 2014. ‘Who Was Menes?’ Archéo-Nil 24: 59–92.
Helck, Wolfgang. 1956. Untersuchungen zu Manetho und den ägyptischen Königslisten. UGAÄ 18. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.
———. 1992. ‘Anmerkungen zum Turiner Königspapyrus’. Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur 19: 151–216.
Kitchen, Kenneth Anderson. 1967. ‘Byblos, Egypt, and Mari in the Early Second Millennium B.C.’ Orientalia 36 (1): 39–54.
———. 1979. ‘P. Turin N.1847, Vso.’ In Ramesside Inscriptions, 2:827–44. Oxford: Blackwell.
Lepsius, Carl Richard. 1842. Auswahl Der Wichtigsten Urkunden Des Aegyptischen Alterthums. Leipzig: Wigand.
Málek, Jaromír. 1982. ‘The Original Version of the Royal Canon of Turin’. JEA 68: 93–106.
Meyer, Eduard. 1904. Aegyptische Chronologie. Berlin: Verl. der Königl. Akad. der Wiss.
Möller, Georg. 1927. Hieratische Paläographie. Die aegyptische Buchschrift in ihrer Entwicklung von der fünften Dynastie bis zur römischen Kaiserzeit. 2nd ed. Vol. 2. Osnabruck: Otto Zeller.
Murnane, William J. 1977. Ancient Egyptian Coregencies. Chicago: Oriental Institute.
Petrie, William M. Flinders. 1900. Royal Tombs of the First Dynasty. Memoirs of the Egypt Exploration Fund 18. London: Egypt Exploration Fund.
Redford, Donald B. 1986. Pharaonic King-Lists, Annals and Day-Books. Mississauga: Benben Publications.
Rougé, Emmanuel de. 1866. ‘Recherches Sur Les Monuments Qu’on Peut Attribuer Aux Six Premières Dynasties de Manéthon’. MIE 25 (2): 225–376.
Ryholt, Kim. 1997. The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c. 1800-1550 B.C. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press.
———. 1998. ‘Hotepibre, a Supposed Asiatic King in Egypt with Relations to Ebla’. BASOR 311: 1–6.
———. 2000. ‘The Late Old Kingdom in the Turin King-List and the Identity of Nitocris’. ZÄS 127: 87–100.
———. 2004. ‘The Turin King-List’. Ägypten Und Levant 14: 135–55.
———. 2008. ‘King Seneferka in the King-Lists and His Position in the Early Dynastic Period’. Journal of Egyptian History 1: 159–73.
———. 2018. ‘Seals and History of the 14th and 15th Dynasties’. The Hyksos Ruler Khyan and the Early Second Intermediate Period in Egypt : Problems and Priorities of Current Research, ErghÖJh 17: 235–76.
Schneider, Thomas. 2006. ‘The Relative Chronology of the Middle Kingdom and the Hyksos Period (Dyns. 12–17)’. In Ancient Egyptian Chronology, 168–96. Handbook of Oriental Studies 83. Leiden, Boston: Brill.
———. 2018. ‘Khyan’s Place in History. A New Look at the Chronographic Tradition’. The Hyksos Ruler Khyan and the Early Second Intermediate Period in Egypt : Problems and Priorities of Current Research, ErghÖJh 17: 277–85.
Sethe, Kurt. 1904. ‘Zur zeitlichen Festlegung der zwölften Dynastie und zur Benutzung ägyptischer Sothisdaten überhaupt’. ZÄS 41: 38–42.
———. 1905. Beiträge zur ältesten Geschichte Ägyptens. UGAÄ 3. Leipzig: Hinrichs.
Wilkinson, John Gardner. 1851. The Fragments of the Hieratic Papyrus at Turin. 2 vols. London: Richards.
Manetho – An Egyptian priest who wrote Aegyptiaca, “the History of Egypt” in the third century BC, and has ever since been the source for the chronology of the kingdom.
Epitome – Manetho’s original was lost in antiquity, and in the following centuries replaced by Epitomes (summaries) by rivalling advocates of Jewish, Egyptian, and Greek history that saw each side trying to establish the truth according to their point of view.
Vorlage – German for prototype or template, a vorlage is a prior version of a manuscript, in this case an earlier version of the king list.
Fibre correspondence – finding the horizontal and/or vertical position of a fragment by visually aligning the papyrus fibres.
Lacuna – a gap in the papyrus where the text is lost.
Recto and verso – Recto is the front side and verso is the back side of a written or printed text.
Ligature – a combination of two or more signs or letters into a single symbol.
Cartouche – oval band enclosing a pharaohs name
Hieratic – a cursive form of the hieroglyphic signs and ligatures
Transliteration – To translate hieroglyphs they need to be converted into a readable alphabetic script. This is known as transliteration, and use letters not normally present on keyboards:
The Dual King – The title of the king of all of Egypt, also presented as King of Upper and Lower Egypt.
Hyksos – Greek form of
Mortuary Temple – where the gods and the king who built the temple were worshipped.
JSesh – I highly recommend JSesh Hieroglyphic Editor by Serge Rosmorduc, which is the best editor to use for hieroglyphic texts of any kind. It is also completely free.
- Turin king list
223 kings – Dynasty 19 - Abydos Canon
76 kings – Dynasty 19 - Saqqara Canon
58 kings – Dynasty 19 - Karnak Canon
61 kings – Dynasty 18 - Comparing the canons
Abydos, Saqqara and Karnak - Ramesseum Canon
Ramesses II Mortuary Temple - Medinet Habu Canon
Ramesses III Mortuary Temple
Creative Commons
license
All content on this website is free to copy, redistribute and adapt in any medium or format, provided you give the appropriate credit. Yes, this includes images and texts. Keep information free!