Ptolemy X in hieroglyphs

The tenth pharaoh of the Ptolemaic Dynasty, a.k.a. Ptolemaios Alexander

Precedessor
Ptolemy IX

Successor
Ptolemy XI

Reign of Ptolemy X
v. Beckerath107–88
Shaw107–88
Dodson110–88
Redford107–88

The Royal Titulary

From the hieroglyphic records

Horus name

Horus name

The oldest form of the name of a pharaoh, a falcon representing Horus is perched on the palace facade.

Horus name
Horus name
netjeri em khet, khnum. en su hapu ankh her meskhen(et), hunu nefer, bener merut, sekha.en su mut.ef her neset it.ef, tjema-a hui khasut, iti em sekhem.ef mi ra pesedj.ef em akhet
nṯri m ẖt ẖnm.n s(w) ḥpw-Ꜥnḫ ḥr msḫnti ḥwn nfr bnr mrwt sḫꜤi.n sw-mwt.f ḥr nst it.f ṯmꜢ-Ꜥ ḥwi ḫꜢswt iṯi m sḫm.f mi rꜤ psḏ.f m Ꜣḫt
The divine one in the sanctuary, whom the living Apis bull has united with the birth-stool, the perfect youth sweet of love, whom his mother enthroned on his father’s throne, the sturdy-armed one who has struck down foreign countries and seized with his power like Ra when he shines in the horizon.
C20-M:X-F105-n:z:Aa5A*p-anx-E95-D2:1-ms-s-x:nw-N37:N37-H-wn:n-nw:W-A17-nfr-M30-N36:t:z-xa:n:z-t&G14:f-D2:g-t:f:f-U5\:1:a-Z12:D40-N25:t*3-V15:Aa15-sxm*Aa56:f-N6:1-mi-Dd-N8-f:Aa15-N27:t*O1
Gauthier, Le Livre des Rois d'Égypte, IV, 386 (LXXXVII A)
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, Text IV, 68
Translation: Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, The divine one in the sanctuary, whom the living Apis bull has united with the birth-stool, the perfect youth sweet of love, whom his mother enthroned on his father’s throne, the sturdy-armed one who has struck down foreign countries and seized with his power like Ra when he shines in the horizon.
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 242-243, 10:H

Nebty name

Nebty name

The “Two Ladies”, the goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet, representing Upper and Lower Egypt respectively.

Nebty name
Nebty name
Seher tawy ka nakht sekhem neneh
shrw-tꜢwi kꜢ-nḫt sḫm-nḥḥ
Who pleases the Two Lands, the strong bull, eternal power
z:O4A:r-ib-M127-wAD-E1:Z9:D40-sxm-N37A:H*ra*H
Gauthier, Le Livre des Rois d'Égypte, IV, 386 (LXXXVII B)
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, Text IV, 68
Translation: Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, Who pleases the Two Lands, the strong bull, eternal power
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 242-243, 10:N

Golden Horus name

Golden Horus name

Horus perched on Gold, which was associated with eternity, but its meaning is disputed.

Golden Horus name
Nebty name
Aa ib mery netjeru, ity Baqet, heqa wadjty aqef Ta-mery em hotep
ꜤꜢ-ib mri-nṯrw ity-bꜢḳt ḥḳꜢ-wꜢḏti Ꜥḳ.f-tꜢmri-m-ḥtp
The great-hearted one who is beloved of the Gods, Master of Baqet and ruler of the two crowns, when he enters The Beloved Land in peace
O29v-ib:1-1*nTr*1*nTr*1*nTr:N36-D10A:t*niwt-i-U33-i-i-A311A-HqA-t:y-M14-I12-I12-I25:f-N17:O5:t*niwt-Aa15:Htp:t*p
Gauthier, Le Livre des Rois d'Égypte, IV, 386 (LXXXVII C)
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, Text IV, 68
Translation: Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, The great-hearted one who is beloved of the Gods, Master of Baqet and ruler of the two crowns, when he enters The Beloved Land in peace
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 242-243, 10:G

Throne name

Prenomen or throne name

Announced at the coronation and always written in a cartouche. The “official” name of the pharaoh. Also known as the Prenomen.

Throne name
Iwa netjer menekh en etjeret menkhet sat Ra setep en Ptah ir Maat Ra senen ankh en Amun
iwꜤ-(n)-nṯr-mnḫ-nṯrt-mnḫt-rꜤ stp-n-ptḥ iri-mꜢꜤt-rꜤ znn-Ꜥnḫ-n-Jmn
Heir of the potent god and of the potent goddess, the daughter of Ra , chosen by Ptah, who has accomplished the Maat of Ra, the living likeness of Amun
mnx-nTr-t:H8-nTr-N6:t*H8-F44-p:t-H-stp:n-ir:Aa11-C2A\-C12A-z:sw*sw-A53-anx-S3
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, IV, 44b
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 242-243, 10:T1

Birth name

Nomen or birth name

Personal name given at birth. Also known as the Nomen.

Birth name
Ptolmys djed enef Ileksentres ankh djet mery Ptah
ptwlmis ḏd n.f Ꜥlksntrs Ꜥnḫ-ḏt mri-ptḥ
Ptolemaios, also called Alexandros
p:t-wA-l:M-i-i-s-S43-nw:F51B-D-i-D153:k-s-n:t*D153:z-anx-D&t:N17-p:t-H-N36
Passim
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 242-243, 10:E

Bibliography

  • Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 20 (1915): 366–390
  • Beckerath, J., 1999. “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, Second edition, MÄS 49: 242–243
  • Leprohon, R. J., 2013. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary. Atlanta: 185–186
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