Turin king list Reference Library
Most reference books and journal articles concerning the Turin king list are old and rare, often out-of-print, and written in German, French, or Italian. Finding these often require luck and/or access to expensive services, and even if you manage to find it, it is written in a foreign language. This can be very frustrating, especially if that happen to be a much referenced text.
Below you will find these elusive texts—many appearing in English for the very first time.
The research of the scholars below varies in scope, from brief comments to fullfledged investigations that dig very deep into all the details. As the focus here is on the Turin king list, only the relevant parts of the larger examinations are excerpted, while the shorter, more concise texts are presented in full. Always consult the original source – if possible.
Jean François Champollion
Bulletin des sciences historiques, antiquités, philologie 2: 297–303.
1824
Gustav Seyffarth
London Literary Gazette No. 600, July 19, 1828. (London 1828). pp. 457–459
1828
Ippolito Rosellini
I monumenti dell'Egitto e della Nubia. Vol. 1.1. (Pisa 1832). pp. 145-149.
1832
Samuel Birch
Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature, Ser. 2. Vol. 1 (London 1843) pp. 203–208.
1841
Karl Richard Lepsius
Auswahl der wichtigsten Urkunden des aegyptischen Alterthums. (Leipzig 1842). Plates III-VI
1842
Francesco Barucchi
Discorsi critici sopra la cronologia egizia. (Turin 1844). pp. 29-30.
1844
Christian Bunsen
Bunsen, Christian C. J. Aegyptens Stelle in der Weltgeschichte. (Hamburg 1845). pp. 63-68.
1845
Edward Hincks
Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature, Ser. 2, Vol. 3 (London 1850): 128-150.
1846
Auguste Mariette
Revue Archéologique 6, no. 1. pp. 305–315.
1849
Wladimir Brunet de Presle
Examen critique de la succession des dynasties égyptiennes, première partie. (Paris 1850). pp. 177-182.
1850
J. J. Champollion-Figeac
Revue Archéologique 7 no. 2 (Paris 1852) 397–402, 461–472, 589–599, 653–665. Plate 149.
1851
John Gardner Wilkinson
The fragments of the hieratic papyrus at Turin. (London 1851). pp. 1-46.
1851
Edward Hincks
The fragments of the hieratic papyrus at Turin. (London 1851) pp. 47-60.
1851
Karl Richard Lepsius
Über die zwölfte Äegyptische Königsdynastie. (Berlin 1853).
1852
Pietro Camillo Orcurti
Catalogo illustrato dei monumenti Egizii del R. Museo di Torino. (Turin 1855). pp. 129-130.
1855
Heinrich Brugsch
Histoire d’Égypte des les premiers temps de son existence jusqu’a nos jours. (Leipzig 1859). pp. 13-15.
1859
Research on the first six dynasties of Manetho
Emmanuel de Rougé
“Recherches sur les monuments qu’on peut attribuer aux six premières dynasties de Manéthon” MIE 25.2. pp. 225–376, pl. 3.
1866
Ariodante Fabretti et. al.
Ariodante Fabretti, Francesco Rossi and Ridolfo Lanzone. Regio Museo di Torino, Catalogo generale dei Musei di Antichità. (Turin 1882). p. 239.
1882
Alfred Wiedemann
Handbücher der Alten Geschichte. Vol. 1, Aegyptische Geschichte. (Gotha 1884). pp. 72-79.
1884
Gustav Seyffarth
The literary life of Gustavus Seyffarth. (New York 1886). pp. 20-21.
1886
Gaston Maspero
Histoire ancienne des peuples de l’orient classique. Les origines Égypte et Chaldée. Vol. 1. (Paris 1895). pp. 225, n. 5
1895
Max Pieper
“Die Herkunft des Turiner Königspapyrus.” ZÄS 47: 161
1910
Giuseppe Botti
“La collezione Drovetti e i papyri del R. Museo Egizio in Torino”. Rendiconti della R. Accademia nazionale dei Lincei, Ser. 5, Vol. 30: 128–135, 143–144.
1921
Wolfgang Helck
Untersuchungen zu Manetho und den Ägyptischen Königslisten. Berlin 1956). pp. 83-84.
1956
The Royal Canon of Turin
Alan H. Gardiner
Oxford 1959
1959
Jürgen von Beckerath
“The Date of the End of the Old Kingdom of Egypt”. JNES 21, No. 2: 140–147.
1962
Jürgen von Beckerath
“Untersuchungen zur politische Geschichte der zweiten Zwischenzeit in Ägypten”. ÄF 23: 20–26.
1964
Jürgen von Beckerath
“Die Dynastie der Herakleopoliten (9./10. Dynastie)”. ZÄS 94: 13–20.
1966
Jaromir Malek
“The original version of the Royal Canon of Turin”. JEA 68: 93–106.
1982
Remarks on the reconstruction of the template of the Turin Royal papyrus
Winfried Barta
“Bemerkungen zur Rekonstruktion der Vorlage des Turiner Königspapyrus.” GM 64: 11-13.
1983
Jürgen von Beckerath
“Bemerkungen zum Turiner Königspapyrus und zu den dynastien der Ägyptischen Geschichte”. SAK 11: 49–55.
1984
Chronology of the Middle Kingdom and the so-called Second Intermediate Period
Detlef Franke
Orientalia 57.3: 113-138, 245-274.
1988
Wolfgang Helck
“Anmerkungen zum Turiner Königspapyrus”. SAK 19: 151–216.
1992
The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period
Kim Ryholt
(Copenhagen 1997)
1997
- 1824 : Letters about the discovery of the Royal Canon
- Champollion, Jean François. 1824. "Papyrus Égyptiens". Bulletin des sciences historiques, antiquités, philologie 2: 297–303. and
Hartleben, Hermina. 1909. Lettres de Champollion le jeune. Bibliothèque Égyptologique 30: 77–92.
« English translation of the original French. » - 1826 : Letters from Italy
- Knortz, Karl. 1886. Gustav Seyffarth, Eine Biographische Skizze. New York: Steiger.
« English translation of the original German. » - 1828 : London Literary Gazette
- Seyffarth, Gustav. 1828. "Remarks upon an Egyptian History, in Egyptian characters, in the Royal Museum at Turin". London Literary Gazette No. 600, July 19, 1828. pp. 457–459
- 1832 : Fragments of a hieratic papyrus from the Royal museum of Turin
- Rosellini, Ippolito. 1832. I monumenti dell'Egitto e della Nubia. Vol. 1.1. Pisa: Caprurro. pp. 145-149.
« English translation of the original Italian. » - 1841 : Observations upon the hieratical canon of Egyptian kings at Turin
- Birch, Samuel. 1843. "Observations upon the hieratical canon of Egyptian kings at Turin". Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature , Ser. 2. Vol. 1. pp. 203–208.
- 1842 : Selection of the most important documents of Egyptian antiquity
- Lepsius, Karl Richard. 1842. Auswahl der wichtigsten Urkunden des aegyptischen Alterthums. Leipzig: Wigand. Plates III-VI
- 1844 : Critical remarks on Egyptian chronology
- Barucchi, Francesco. 1844. Discorsi critici sopra la cronologia egizia. Turin: Stamperia Reale. pp. 29-30
« English translation of the original Italian. » - 1845 : Egypt’s place in history: The Royal papyrus
- Bunsen, Christian C. J. 1845. Aegyptens Stelle in der Weltgeschichte. Vol. 1. Hamburg: Perthes. pp. 50-53.
« English translation of the original German. » - 1846 : On the Sixth and Twelfth dynasties of Manetho
- Hincks, Edward. 1850. "On the portion of the Turin book of kings which corresponds to the Sixth Dynasty of Manetho." TRSL. S. 2, Vol. 3: 128–138.
—— 1850. "On the portion of the Turin book of kings which follows that corresponding to the Twelfth Dynasty of Manetho." TRSL. S. 2, Vol. 3: 139–150. - 1849 : Note on a fragment of the Royal Papyrus and the Sixth Dynasty of Manetho
- Mariette, Auguste. 1849. "Note sur un fragment du papyrus royal de Turin et la VIe dynastie de Manethon." Revue Archéologique 6, no. 1: 305-315.
« English translation of the original French. » - 1850 : The Royal List in hieratic writing of the Turin Museum
- Brunet de Presle, Wladimir. 1850. Examen critique de la succession des dynasties égyptiennes, première partie. Paris: Didot. pp. 177-182
« English translation of the original French. » - 1851 : The original fragments of the Royal Papyrus of Turin
- Champollion-Figeac, Jacques Joseph. 1851. "De la Table manuelle des rois et des dynasties d’Égypte ou Papyrus Royal de Turin, de ses fragments originaux, de ses copies Manuscrits ou Imprimées, et de Ses Intreprétations" Revue Archéologique 7, no. 2: 397–402, 461–472, 589–599, 653–665. Plate 149.
« English translation of the original French. » - 1851 : The fragments of the hieratic papyrus at Turin
- Wilkinson, John Gardner. 1851. The fragments of the hieratic papyrus at Turin. Vol. 1. London: Richards.
- 1851 : Observations on the Turin Papyrus
- Hincks, Edward. 1851. "Observations on the Turin Papyrus" in Wilkinson. 1851. The fragments of the hieratic papyrus at Turin. pp. 47–60.
- 1853 : About the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt
- Lepsius,Karl Richard. 1853. Über die zwölfte Aegyptische Königsdynastie. Berlin: Wilhelm Hertz. 440-453
« English translation of the original German. » - 1855 : Illustrated catalogue of the Egyptian Museum of Turin
- Orcurti, Pietro Camillo. 1855. Catalogo illustrato dei monumenti Egizii del R. Museo di Torino. Turin: Biancardi. 129-130, app. 211-215
« English translation of the original Italian. » - 1859 : History of Egypt
- Brugsch, Henri. 1859. Histoire d’Égypte des les premiers temps de son existence jusqu’a nos jours. Leipzig: Hinrichs. Plates 3, 13-15.
« English translation of the original French. » - 1866 :
Research on the first six dynasties of Manetho - Rougé, Emmanuel de. 1866. "Recherches sur les monuments qu'on peut attribuer aux six premières dynasties de Manéthon." MIE 25.2: 225–376, pl. 3.
« English translation of the original French. »
Not available - 1882 : General Catalogue of the Museum of Antiquities in Turin
- Ariodante Fabretti, Francesco Rossi and Ridolfo Lanzone. 1882. Regio Museo di Torino, Catalogo generale dei Musei di Antichità, Ser. 1, Vol. 1. Turin : Stamperia reale. 239
« English translation of the original Italian. » - 1884 : Egyptian History
- Wiedemann, Alfred. 1884. Aegyptische Geschichte. Vol. 1. Gotha: Perthes. 72-79
« English translation of the original German. » - 1886 : The origin of Manetho’s Egyptian History
- Seyffarth, Gustav, and Knortz, Karl. 1886. The literary life of Gustavus Seyffarth. New York: Steiger. 20-21.
- 1887 : Recto or verso?
- Wilcken, Ulrich. 1887. "Recto Oder Verso?" Hermes 22: 487–92. Addendum.
« English translation of the original German. » - 1895 : Short note about the papyrus
- Maspero, Gaston. 1895. Histoire ancienne des peuples de l’orient classique. Les origines Égypte et Chaldée. Vol. 1. Paris: Hachette. 225, note 5.
—— 1903. History of Egypt. London: Grolier. 321, note 1.
« English translation of the original French. » - 1904 : Egyptian chronology
- Meyer, Eduard. 1904. Aegyptische Chronologie. Berlin: Verlag der Königl. Akademie der Wissenschaften. p. 105-178.
« English translation of the original German. » - 1910 : The Origin of the Royal Papyrus of Turin
- Pieper, Max. 1910. "Die Herkunft des Turiner Königspapyrus." ZÄS 47: 161
« English translation of the original German. » - 1921 : The Drovetti collection of the Egyptian Museum in Turin
- Botti, Giuseppe. 1921. "La collezione Drovetti e i papyri del R. Museo Egizio in Torino." Rendiconti della R. Accademia nazionale dei Lincei, Classe di scienze morali, storiche e filologiche. Series 5, Volume 30: 143–49
« English translation of the original Italian. » - 1938 : The Papyrus of Kings, restored
- Farina, Giulio. 1938. Papiro dei re, restaurato. Rome: G. Bardi.
« English translation of the original Italian. » Also available at the Internet Archive: Italian original English translation - 1956 : Studies on Manetho and the Egyptian Royal Lists
- Helck, Wolfgang. 1956. Untersuchungen zu Manetho und den Ägyptischen Königslisten. UGAÄ 18. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.: 83-84.
« English translation of the original German. » - 1956 : King Hudjefa?
- Goedicke, Hans. 1956. "King ḥwḏfꜢ?". The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 42: 50-53.
- 1962 : The Date of the End of the Old Kingdom of Egypt
- Beckerath, Jürgen von. 1962. "The Date of the End of the Old Kingdom of Egypt." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 21, No. 2: 140-147
- 1964 : Studies on the political history of the Second Intermediate Period
- Beckerath, Jürgen von. 1964. "Untersuchungen zur politische Geschichte der zweiten Zwischenzeit in Ägypten." Ägyptologische Forschungen 23: 20-26.
« English translation of the original German. » - 1966 : The Heracleopolitan Dynasty (9th/10th Dynasty)
- Beckerath, Jürgen von. 1966. "Die Dynastie der Herakleopoliten (9./10. Dynastie)" Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 94: 13-20.
« English translation of the original German. » - 1982 : The original version of the Royal Canon of Turin
- Malek, Jaromir. 1982. "The original version of the Royal Canon of Turin." Journal of Egytian Archaeology 68: 93-106.
- 1983 :
Remarks on the reconstruction of the template of the Turin Royal papyrus - Barta, Winfried. 1983. "Bemerkungen zur Rekonstruktion der Vorlage des Turiner Königspapyrus." Göttinger Miszellen 64: 11-13.
Not available - 1984 : Remarks on the Royal Papyrus and the dynasties of Egyptian History
- Beckerath, Jürgen von. 1984. "Bemerkungen zum Turiner Königspapyrus und zu den dynastien der Ägyptischen Geschichte". Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur 11: 49-55.
« English translation of the original German. » - 1988 :
Chronology of the Middle Kingdom (12th-18th Dynasties) - Franke, Detlef. 1988. "Zur Chronologie des Mittleren Reiches (12.-18. Dynastie). Teil 1: Die 12. Dynastie." Orientalia 57.3: 113-138.
« English translation of the original German. »
Not available - 1988 :
The so-called 'Second Intermediate Period' of ancient Egypt - Franke, Detlef. 1988. "Zur Chronologie des Mittleren Reiches Teil II: Die sogenannte 'Zweite Zwischenzeit' Altägyptens." Orientalia 57.3: 245-274.
« English translation of the original German. »
Not available - 1992 : Notes on the Royal Papyrus of Turin
- Helck, Wolfgang. 1992. "Anmerkungen zum Turiner Königspapyrus". Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur 19: 151-216.
« English translation of the original German. » - 1995 : Some Remarks on Helck's 'Notes'
- Beckerath, Jürgen von. 1995. "Some Remarks on Helck's 'Anmerkungen zum Turiner Königspapyrus'." Journal of Egyptian Archeology 81: 225-227.
Kinglists
- Turin king list
223 kings – Dynasty 19 - Abydos Canon
76 kings – Dynasty 19 - Saqqara Canon
58 kings – Dynasty 19 - Karnak Canon
61 kings – Dynasty 18 - Comparing the canons
Abydos, Saqqara and Karnak - Ramesseum Canon
Ramesses II Mortuary Temple - Medinet Habu Canon
Ramesses III Mortuary Temple
Ancient historians
- Herodotus
450 BC – Histories - Manetho
250 BC – Aegyptiaca - Diodorus
50 BC – Bibliotheca Historica - Josephus
100 CE – Against Apion - Africanus
220 CE – Chronographai - Eusebius
325 CE – Chronicon - Jerome
380 CE – Chronicon - Syncellus
800 CE – Egloga Chronographai - Eratosthenes
Probably a forgery (date unknown) - Comparing the sources
Transmission of Manetho
by Africanus et. al.
Terms & information
OK – Old Kingdom
Dynasties 3-6
MK – Middle Kingdom
Dynasties 11-12
NK – New Kingdom
Dynasties 18-20
SIP – Second Intermediate Period
Dynasties 13-17
Thebes – The Southern capital
Memphis – The Northern capital
Epitome – Manetho’s original Aegyptiaca was lost in antiquity, and in the following centuries, it was replaced by Epitomes (summaries) by rivalling advocates of Jewish, Egyptian, and Greek history that saw each side trying to establish the truth according to their point of view.
Vorlage – From the German for prototype or template, a vorlage is a prior version of a manuscript, in this case an earlier version of the canon.
Recto and verso – Recto is the front side and verso is the back side of a written or printed text.
Cartouche – oval band enclosing a pharaohs name
Hieratic – cursive form of hieroglyphic script
Hyksos – Greek form of
Mortuary Temple – where the gods and the king who built the temple were worshipped.
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