Pharaoh.se

Amyrtaeus in hieroglyphs

The first pharaoh of the Twenty-eighth Dynasty, a.k.a. Amyrteos, Amirtaios, Amenirdisu

Following the death of the Persian king Darius II, Amyrtaeus declared himself king in 404 BC. Due to other conflicts, the Persians were unable to respond and the forces of Amyrtaeus liberated the Delta, while Upper Egypt remained under Persian control. He was defeated in open battle by his successor, Neferites I and executed at Memphis.

Diodorus states in Library of History (14.5) that the king of Egypt in 400 BC was named Psammetichus; it is possible that Psamtik/Psammetichus was the throne name of Amyrtaeus, since only his personal name is known.

Precedessor
Artaxerxes II

Successor
Neferites I
Reign of Amyrtaeus
AE Chronology404–399
v. Beckerath405–399
Shaw404–399
Dodson404–399
Redford405–399
Manetho6 years

The Royal Titulary

From the hieroglyphic records

Birth name

Nomen or birth name

Personal name given at birth. Also known as the Nomen.

Birth name
Amun ir di su
imn-ir-di-s(w)
Amun is the one who created him
i-mn:n-i-A2-ir:a:z
Hieroglyphs tenatively reconstructed from demotic source in
Spiegelberg, Die sogenannte demotische Chronik, Column II, row 2
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 222-223, a:E

The sources of antiquity

From the writings of the historians and scholars of antiquity

AuthorGreekTranscriptionReign
Africanus xxviii, Aμυρτεος Amyrteus 6 years
Eusebius xxviii, Aμυρταιος Amyrtaeus 6 years
Herodotus 140.2 Aμυρταιου Amyrtaeus
Eratosthenes 38 Aμουθαρταιος Amyrthartaeus 63

Bibliography

  • Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 20 (1915): 159–160
  • Beckerath, J., 1999. “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, Second edition, MÄS 49: 222–223
  • Leprohon, R. J., 2013. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary. Atlanta: 169
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