Pharaoh.se

Nebka in hieroglyphs

The first pharaoh of the Third Dynasty, a.k.a. Hen Nekht (not in use anymore)

The Horus name Sanakht might be connected to Nebka, but it is still uncertain and Egyptologists still argue the question. The New Kingdom king lists of Abydos and Turin place Nebka before Djoser in the third dynasty, while the Saqqara list place Nebka after Djoser and Sekhemkhet. The archaeological evidence show that the founder of the dynasty was most likely Djoser, and not Nebka.
The first name of the dynasty according to Manetho via Africanus is Necherophes.

Precedessor
Khasekhemwy

Successor
Djoser
Reign of Nebka
v. Beckerath2686–2665
Shaw2686–2667
Dodson2565–2556
Allen2649–2630
Malek2647–2628
Redford2688–2682
Turin King List19 (years)
Manetho (Africanus)28 years

The Royal Titulary

From the hieroglyphic records

Horus name

Horus name

The oldest form of the name of a pharaoh, a falcon representing Horus is perched on the palace facade.

Horus name
Horus name
Sanakht
sꜢ-nḫt
–
V18-n:M3
Garstang, Mahasna, plate XIX (1-5)
Rock inscription EA 691 in the British Museum
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 50-51, a:H1

Throne names

Prenomen or throne name

Announced at the coronation and always written in a cartouche. The “official” name of the pharaoh. Also known as the Prenomen.

Throne name
Neb ka*
nb-kꜢ
–
nb-kA-Z1-//
The cartouche is missing on the papyrus.
Turin King List 4.4
Gardiner, The Royal Canon of Turin (1959) III:4
Throne name variant
Neb ka*
nb-kꜢ
–
nb-kA-Z1
Abydos Canon no. 15
Westcar papyrus 1.19
Throne name variant
Neb ka Ra
nb-kꜢ-rꜤ*
–
ra:nb-kA
Saqqara Canon no. 45
Petrie Scarabs, plate VIII (Dynasty III, 1-4)

The sources of antiquity

From the writings of the historians and scholars of antiquity

AuthorGreekTranscriptionReign
Africanus iii, 1 Nεχερoφης Necherophes 28 years
Eusebius iii, 1 Νεχερωχις Necherochis

Bibliography

  • Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 17 (1907): 48–49
  • Beckerath, J., 1999. “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, Second edition, MÄS 49: 50–51
  • Leprohon, R. J., 2013. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary. Atlanta: 33
  • Baker. D. D., 2008. The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I. London: 347–348
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