Thutmose III in hieroglyphs

The sixth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty, a.k.a. Tuthmosis III, Thutmosis III

Precedessor
Hatshepsut

Successor
Amenhotep II

Reign of Thutmose III
AE Chronology1479–1425
von Beckerath1479–1425
Shaw1479–1425
Dodson1479–1424
Arnold1479–1425
Malek1479–1425
Grimal1479–1425
Redford1504–1452
Manetho (Josephus)25y 10m
Manetho (Africanus)26 years
Manetho (Eusebius)26 years
Manetho (Jerome)26 years
Highest attestationYear 54
The name of the god Thoth is an ancient Greek transcription of the original name Djehuty. Thutmose is a modern compromise between the Greek transcription Thutmosis and Djehutimes. His 54-year reign includes the first 22 years as co-regent with Hatshepsut, where neither had any obvious seniority over the other, and Thutmose III was head of the army, while she was the de facto ruler. After her death, his military genius created the largest empire Egypt had ever seen.
His name in Manetho's king list is Mephramuthosis, which is a shortened Greek transcription of his throne and birth names.

The Royal Titulary

From the hieroglyphic records

The Dual King
The Son of Ra

Horus Ka nakht kha em Waset  The Dual King Men kheper Ra  Son of Ra Djehutimes

Horus names

Horus name

The oldest form of the name of a pharaoh, a falcon representing Horus is perched on the palace facade.

Horus name
Horus name
Ka nakht kha em Waset
kꜢ-nḫt ḫꜤ-m-wꜢst
The strong bull arising in Thebes
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 55a
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 136-137, 6:H1
Horus name variant
Horus name
Ka nakht kha em Waset
kꜢ-nḫt ḫꜤ-m-wꜢst
The strong bull arising in Thebes
Lateran, London, Istanbul, New York obelisks
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 586 (1); 590 (1); 593 (2+4); 584 (1)
Horus name variant
Horus name
Ka nakht kha em Maat
kꜢ-nḫt ḫꜤ-m-mꜢꜤt
The strong bull arising in Maat
Lateran obelisk, western face
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 585 (4)
Theodosius obelisk, Istanbul, western face
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 587 (4)
Horus name variant
Horus name
Ka nakht kha em Maat
kꜢ-nḫt ḫꜤꞽ-m-mꜢꜤt
The strong bull, who has appeared in Truth
London obelisk, eastern face
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 591 (4)
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 136-137, 6:H8
Horus name variant
Horus name
Ka nakht kha em Maat
kꜢ-nḫt ḫꜤ-m-mꜢꜤt
The strong bull, who has appeared in Truth
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 33c
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 136-137, 6:H10
Horus name variant
Horus name
Ka nakht mery Ra
kꜢ-nḫt mrꞽ-rꜤ
The strong bull, beloved of Ra
Theodosius obelisk, Istanbul, northern face
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 587 (3)
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 60
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 136-137, 6:H6
Horus name variant
Horus name
Ka nakht mery Ra
kꜢ-nḫt mrꞽ-rꜤ
The strong bull, beloved of Ra
Lateran obelisk, northern face
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 585 (3)
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 136-137, 6:H7
Horus name variant
Horus name
Mery Ra qa hedjet
mrꞽ-rꜤ ḳꜢꞽ-ḥḏt
Beloved of Ra, whose White Crown is high
Lateran obelisk, eastern face
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 584 (2)
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 136-137, 6:H3
Horus name variant
Horus name
Qa hedjet mery Ra
ḳꜢꞽ-ḥḏt mrꞽ-rꜤ
Whose White Crown is high, beloved of Ra
New York obelisk, northern face
Champollion, Monuments de l'Egypte, IV, plate 444
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 593 (3)
Horus name variant
Horus name
Qa hedjet mery Ra
ḳꜢꞽ-ḥḏt mrꞽ-rꜤ
Whose White Crown is high, beloved of Ra
London obelisk, western face
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 591 (1)
Horus name variant
Horus name
Qa hedjet mery Ra
ḳꜢꞽ-ḥḏt mrꞽ-rꜤ
Whose White Crown is high, beloved of Ra
Theodosius obelisk, Istanbul, eastern face
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 586 (2)
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 60

Nebty names

Nebty name

The “Two Ladies”, the goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet, representing Upper and Lower Egypt respectively.

Nebty name
Nebty name
Wah nesyt
wꜢḥ-nsꞽt
Enduring of kingship
Before 21st year
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 193
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 136-137, 6:N1
Nebty name variant
Nebty name
Wah nesyt mi Ra em pet
wꜢḥ-nsyt-mꞽ-rꜤ-m-pt
Enduring of kingship like Ra in heaven
After 21st year
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 833
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 136-137, 6:N2
Nebty name variant
Nebty name
Shesep ankh en itemu, kheper em Khepri, hotep bau Iunu her maat.ef
šsp-Ꜥnḫ-n-ꞽtm ḫpr-m-ḫprꞽ ḥtpw-bꜢw-ꞽwnw-ḥr-mꜢꜤt.f
The living image of Atum who appeared as Khepri, with whose offerings the souls of Heliopolis are satisfied
Name especially for the Sed festival
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 600
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 136-137, 6:N5
Nebty name variant
Nebty name
Aa shefyt em tau nebu
ꜤꜢ-šfꞽt-m-tꜢw-nb(w)
Great of majesty in all lands
After 21st year
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 585 (3)
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 136-137, 6:N4
Nebty name variant
Nebty name
Sekha Maat mery tawy
sḫꜤꞽ-mꜢꜤt mrꞽ-tꜢwꞽ
Who has made Maat appear, beloved of the Two Lands
After 21st year
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 586 (2)
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 136-137, 6:N3

Golden Horus names

Golden Horus name

Horus perched on Gold, which was associated with eternity, but its meaning is disputed.

Golden Horus name
Nebty name
Djoser khau
ḏsr-ḫꜤw
Sacred of appearances
Before 21st year
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 193
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 136-137, 6:G1
Golden Horus name variant
Nebty name
Djoser khau sekhem pehty
ḏsr-ḫꜤw sḫm-pḥtꞽ
Sacred of appearances and powerful of might
After 21st year
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 833
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 136-137, 6:G2
Golden Horus name variant
Nebty name
Heru her nakhtu
hrw-ḥr-nḫtw
Pleased with (his) victories
After 21st year
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 584 (2)
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 136-137, 6:G5
Golden Horus name variant
Nebty name
Heru her nakhtu hui heqau khasut pehu su
hrw-ḥr-nḫtwḥwꞽ-ḥḳꜢw-ḫꜢswt-pḥw-sw
Pleased with (his) victories, he who struck down the rulers of the foreign lands who approached him
After 21st year
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 591 (1)
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 136-137, 6:G4
Golden Horus name variant
Nebty name
Sekhem pehty djoser khau
sḫm-pḥtꞽ ḏsr-ḫꜤw
Powerful of might and sacred of appearances
After 21st year
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 811
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 136-137, 6:G3
Golden Horus name variant
Nebty name
Aa khepesh hui pedjut 9
ꜤꜢ-ḫpš ḥwꞽ-pḏt
He of great of strength who has struck down the Nine Bows
After 21st year
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 585 (3)
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 136-137, 6:G6
Golden Horus name variant
Nebty name
Sar Maat sehotep Ra
sꜤr-mꜢꜤt sḥtp-rꜤ
Who has elevated Maat and satisfied Ra
After 21st year
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 600
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 136-137, 6:G7

Throne names

Prenomen or throne name

Announced at the coronation and always written in a cartouche. The “official” name of the pharaoh. Also known as the Prenomen.

Throne name
Men kheper Ra
Men kheper Ra
mn-ḫpr-rꜤ
Lasting is the Manifestation of Ra
Abydos Canon no. 70
Saqqara Canon no. 8
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 136-137, 6:T1
Throne name variant
Men kheper Ra
Men kheper Ra
mn-ḫpr-rꜤ
Lasting is the Manifestation of Ra
Before 21st year
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 1384
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 136-137, 6:T2
Throne name variant
Men kheper ka Ra
Men kheper ka Ra
mn-ḫpr-kꜢ-rꜤ
Lasting is the Manifestation of the soul of Ra
Before 21st year
Cerny, Inscriptions of Sinai, I, plate 61 (180)
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 136-137, 6:T3
Throne name variant
Men kheper Ra, <i>iwa Ra</i>
Men kheper Ra, iwa Ra
mn-ḫpr-rꜤ ꞽwꜤ-rꜤ
Lasting is the Manifestation of Ra, the heir of Ra
After 21st year
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 601
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 136-137, 6:T5
Throne name variant
Men kheper Ra, <i>iry en Ra</i>
Men kheper Ra, iry en Ra
mn-ḫpr-rꜤ ꞽrꞽ,n-rꜤ
Lasting is the Manifestation of Ra, whom Ra made
After 21st year
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 587 (4)
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 136-137, 6:T6
Throne name variant
Men kheper Ra, <i>mery en Ra</i>
Men kheper Ra, mery en Ra
mn-ḫpr-rꜤ mrꞽ.n-rꜤ
Lasting is the Manifestation of Ra, beloved of Ra
After 21st year
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 584 (2)
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 136-137, 6:T7
Throne name variant
Men kheper Ra, <i>setep en Ra</i>
Men kheper Ra, setep en Ra
mn-ḫpr-rꜤ stp.n-rꜤ
Lasting is the Manifestation of Ra, chosen by Ra
After 21st year
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 811
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 136-137, 6:T8
Throne name variant
Men kheper Ra, <i>saa en Ra</i>
Men kheper Ra, saa en Ra
mn-ḫpr-rꜤ sꜤꜢ.n-rꜤ
Lasting is the Manifestation of Ra, whom Ra made great
After 21st year
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 587 (3)
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 136-137, 6:T9
Throne name variant
Men kheper Ra, <i>neb khepesh</i>
Men kheper Ra, neb khepesh
mn-ḫpr-rꜤ nb-ḫpš
Lasting is the Manifestation of Ra, possessor of a strong arm
After 21st year
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 601
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 136-137, 6:T10
Throne name variant
Men kheper Ra, <i>nakht khepesh</i>
Men kheper Ra, nakht khepesh
mn-ḫpr-rꜤ nḫt-ḫpš
Lasting is the Manifestation of Ra, the mighty-armed one
After 21st year
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 601
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 136-137, 6:T11
Throne name variant
Men kheper Ra, <i>tit Ra</i>
Men kheper Ra, tit Ra
mn-ḫpr-rꜤ tꞽt-rꜤ
Lasting is the Manifestation of Ra, the (very) image of Ra
After 21st year
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 586 (2)
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 138-139, 6:T12

Birth names

Nomen or birth name

Personal name given at birth. Also known as the Nomen.

Birth name
Djehutimes
Djehutimes
ḏḥwti-msi(w)
Thoth is born
Before 21st year
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 193
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 136-137, 6:E1
Birth name variant
Djehutimes
Djehutimes
ḏhwtꞽ-msꞽ(w)
Thoth is born
Before 21st year
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 1384
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 136-137, 6:E2
Birth name variant
Djehutimes
Djehutimes
ḏḥwtꞽ-msꞽ(w)
Thoth is born
After 21st year
CG 61014
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 138-139, 6:E4
Birth name variant
Djehutimes
Djehutimes
ḏḥwtꞽ-msꞽ(w)
Thoth is born
After 21st year
CG 61014
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 138-139, 6:E5
Birth name variant
Djehutimes <i>nefer kheper</i>
Djehutimes nefer kheper
ḏḥwtꞽ-msꞽ(w) nfr-ḫpr
Thoth is born, beautiful of form
After 21st year
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 811
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 138-139, 6:E6
Birth name variant
Djehutimes <i>nefer kheperu</i>
Djehutimes nefer kheperu
ḏḥwtꞽ-msꞽ(w) nfr-ḫprw
Thoth is born, beautiful of forms
After 21st year
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 145
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 138-139, 6:E7
Birth name variant
Djehutimes <i>sema kheper</i>
Djehutimes sema kheper
ḏḥwtꞽ-msꞽ(w) zmꜢ-ḫpr
Thoth is born, united of manifestations
After 21st year
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 161
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 138-139, 6:E8
Birth name variant
Djehutimes <i>heqa Maat</i>
Djehutimes heqa Maat
ḏḥwtꞽ-msꞽ(w) ḥḳꜢ-mꜢꜤt
Thoth is born, ruler of Maat
After 21st year
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 591 (3)
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 138-139, 6:E9
Birth name variant
Djehutimes <i>heqa Iunu</i>
Djehutimes heqa Iunu
ḏḥwtꞽ-msꞽ(w) ḥḳꜢ-ꞽwnw
Thoth is born, ruler of Heliopolis
After 21st year
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 592 (4)
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 138-139, 6:E10
Birth name variant
Djehutimes <i>heqa netjer</i>
Djehutimes heqa netjer
ḏḥwtꞽ-msꞽ(w) ḥḳꜢ-nṯrꞽ
Thoth is born, divine ruler
After 21st year
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 601
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 138-139, 6:E11
Birth name variant
Djehutimes <i>heqa Waset</i>
Djehutimes heqa Waset
ḏḥwtꞽ-msꞽ(w) ḥḳꜢ-wꜢst
Thoth is born, ruler of Thebes
After 21st year
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 601
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 138-139, 6:E12
Birth name variant
Djehutimes <i>sa Atum en khetef mesen enef Nebet-Iunet</i>
Djehutimes sa Atum en khetef mesen enef Nebet-Iunet
ḏḥwtꞽ-msꞽ(w) zꜤ-ꞽtm-n-ẖt.f msꞽ.n-n.f-nbt-ꞽwnt
The bodily son of Atum, whom Nebet-Iunet bore for him
After 21st year
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 593 (2)
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 138-139, 6:E13

The sources of antiquity

From the writings of the historians and scholars of antiquity

AuthorGreekTranscriptionReign
Africanus xviii, 6 Μισφραγμουθωσις Misphragmuthosis 26 years
Eusebius xviii, 5 Μισφραγμουθωσις Misphragmuthosis 26 years
Jerome Mispharmuthosis 26 years
Josephus 96 Μηφραμουθωσις Mephramuthosis 25 years, 10 months

Bibliography

  • Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 18 (1912): 253–275
  • Beckerath, J., 1999. “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, Second edition, MÄS 49: 136–139
  • Leprohon, R. J., 2013. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary. Atlanta: 98–100
  • Baker. D. D., 2008. The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I. London: 470–474
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