Tausret in hieroglyphs

The eighth pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty, a.k.a. Tawosret, Twosret

Precedessor
Siptah

Successor
Setnakht
Reign of Tausret
AE Chronology1192–1191
von Beckerath1186–1185
Shaw1188–1186
Dodson1189–1187
Arnold1198–1196
Malek1188–1186
Grimal1196–1188
Redford1209–1201
Manetho7 years
Highest attestationYear 8
Seti II's primary spouse, Queen Tausret, succeeded him as pharaoh after his death and served as Siptah's regent. Her reign only lasted a year or two before civil war broke out that ended with her demise and the start of a new dynasty founded by Setnakht.

Manetho included her in his king list as Thouoris with a reign of seven years, which is known to include the reign of Siptah. Tausret's name is excluded on Ramesses III's list of ancestors at Medinet Habu which can only mean that she was not seen as a legitime pharaoh at the time.

The Royal Titulary

From the hieroglyphic records

The Dual King
The Son of Ra

Horus Ka nakht mery Maat  The Dual King Sat Ra meryt en Amun  Son of Ra Tausret

Horus names

Horus name

The oldest form of the name of a pharaoh, a falcon representing Horus is perched on the palace facade.

Horus name
Horus name
Ka nakht mery Maat
kꜢ-nḫt mrꞽ-mꜢꜤt
The strong bull, beloved of Maat
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions , IV, 352:11
Horus name variant A
Horus name
Ka nakht mery Maat
kꜢ-nḫt mrꞽ-mꜢꜤt
The strong bull, beloved of Maat
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions , IV, 352:9
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 162-163, 8:H2
Horus name variant B
Horus name
Ka nakht mery(t) Maat, neb(et) an em nesu mi Atum
kꜢ-nḫt mrꞽ-mꜢꜤt nb-Ꜥn-m-nsw-mꞽ-ꞽtm
The strong bull, beloved of Maat, Lord beautiful of kingship, like Atum
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions , IV, 352:7
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 162-163, 8:H1

Nebty name

Nebty name

The “Two Ladies”, the goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet, representing Upper and Lower Egypt respectively.

Nebty name
Nebty name
Gereg Kemet waf khasut
grg-kmt wꜤf-ḫꜢswt
Founder of Egypt, who vainquishes foreign countries
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions , IV, 352:9
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 162-163, 8:N

Throne names

Prenomen or throne name

Announced at the coronation and always written in a cartouche. The “official” name of the pharaoh. Also known as the Prenomen.

Throne name
Sat Ra meryt en Amun
Sat Ra meryt en Amun
sꜢ.t-rꜤ mrꞽ.t-n-ꞽmn
Daughter of Ra, beloved of Amun
Petrie, Six Temples at Thebes, plate 16.1
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions , IV, 354:3
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 162-163, 8:T2
Throne name variant A
Sat Ra meryt Amun
Sat Ra meryt Amun
zꜢt-rꜤ mrꞽ(t)-n-ꞽmn
Daughter of Ra, beloved of Amun
Gardiner, Peet, Cerny, Six Temples, plate 16 (5)
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions , IV, 354:4
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 162-163, 8:T3
Throne name variant B
Sat Ra meryt Amun
Sat Ra meryt Amun
zꜢt-rꜤ mrꞽ(t)-n-ꞽmn
Daughter of Ra, beloved of Amun
British Museum EA 29952
Gardiner, Peet, Cerny, Six Temples, plate 17 (2)
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions , IV, 353:15
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 162-163, 8:T4
Throne name variant C
Sat Ra meryt Amun
Sat Ra meryt Amun
zꜢt-rꜤ mrꞽ(t)-ꞽmn
Daughter of Ra, beloved of Amun
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions , IV, 352:9
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 162-163, 8:T5
Throne name variant D
Sat Ra meryt Amun
Sat Ra meryt Amun
zꜢt-rꜤ mrꞽ(t)-ꞽmn
Daughter of Ra, beloved of Amun
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions 351:13
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 162-163, 8:T6

Birth names

Nomen or birth name

Personal name given at birth. Also known as the Nomen.

Birth name
Tausret
Tausret
tꜢ-Wsrt
Mighty Lady
Valley of the Kings, tomb KV 14
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions 351:13
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 201a
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 162-163, 8:E1
Birth name variant A
Tausret <i>meryt en Mut</i>
Tausret meryt en Mut
tꜢ-wsrt mrꞽ(t).n-mwt
Tausret, beloved of Mut
Gauthier, Amada, I, plate 21
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 162-163, 8:E2
Birth name variant B
Tausret <i>setep en Mut</i>
Tausret setep en Mut
tꜢ-Wsrt stp.n-mwt
Mighty Lady, chosen of Mut
British Museum EA 29952
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions , IV, 353:15
Gardiner, Peet, Cerny, Six Temples, plate 17 (2)
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 162-163, 8:E3
Birth name variant C
Tausret <i>setep en Mut</i>
Tausret setep en Mut
tꜢ-Wsrt stp.n-mwt
Mighty Lady, chosen of Mut
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions , IV, 352:9
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 162-163, 8:E4

The sources of antiquity

From the writings of the historians and scholars of antiquity

AuthorGreekTranscriptionReign
Africanus xix, 6 Θουωρις Thuris 7 years
Eusebius xix, 5 Θουωρις Thuris 7 years
Jerome 45 Thuoris 7 years

Bibliography

  • Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 19 (1913): 145–148
  • Beckerath, J., 1999. “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, Second edition, MÄS 49: 162–163
  • Leprohon, R. J., 2013. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary. Atlanta: 125
  • Baker. D. D., 2008. The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I. London: 458–460
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