Amenemhat III
| Also known as: Amenemhet III | Dynasty XII |
The reign of Amenemhat III is regarded as the Golden Age of the Middle Kingdom, and he had the Great Canal built to link the Fayum with the Nile. His name in Manetho's king list is Lakhares or Lamaris, while Herodotus transcribed his name as Moerios, which Diodorus wrote as Moiris. His name is present on the Abydos and Saqqara king lists, and unfortunately the Turin Canon does not preserve his name, only a reign of 40+x years in location where his name would have been found.
| Reign of Amenemhat III | |
|---|---|
| AE Chronology | 1818–1773 |
| Shaw | 1855–1808 |
| Dodson | 1842–1794 |
| Malek | 1859–1814 |
| Arnold | 1844–1797 |
| Grimal | 1842–1797 |
| Franke | 1818–1773 |
| Redford | 1843–1797 |
| Turin Canon | 40+x years |
| Manetho | 8 years |
| Highest attestation | Year 46 |
The Royal Titulary
From the hieroglyphic records
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), II, 140g
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 86-87, 6:H1
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), II, 138g
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 86-87, 6:N2
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 86-87, 6:N3
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 86-87, 6:G3
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 86-87, 6:G2
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 86-87, 6:T1
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 86-87, 6:T4
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, III, 481 (20)
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, I, 179 (64)
ASAE, 3,207 (JE 35122)
Gardiner, The Royal Canon of Turin (1959), V:25
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 86-87, 6:E
The sources of antiquity
From the writings of the historians and scholars of antiquity
| Author | Greek | Transliteration | Transcription | Reign |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africanus xii, 4 | Λαχαρης | Lakhares | Lachares | 8 years |
| Eusebius xii, 4 | Λαμαρις | Lamaris | Lamaris | 8 years |
| Herodotus 101.1 | Μοιριος | Moerius | Moerius | |
| Diodorus 1.51.5 | Μοιρις | Moiris | Moeris | |
| Eratosthenes 35 | Μαρης | Mares | Mares | 43 years |
Bibliography
Beckerath, J. Handbuch der Ägyptischen Königsnamen, MÄS 49 (1999): 86–87
Baker. D. D. The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I – Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC (London, 2008), 26–29
Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 17 (1907): 319–337
Leprohon, R. J. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary (Atlanta, 2013), 59
The full titulary was announced at the coronation, when a pharaoh officially became king.
Horus name
The oldest form of a pharaoh's name, often enclosed in a serekh, a sort of "heraldic crest" representing a palace facade.
Nebty name
The "Two Ladies", the heraldic goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet, representing Upper and Lower Egypt respectively.
Golden Horus name
Gold was strongly associated with eternity, but the meaning of this title is disputed.
Throne name
(prenomen) Announced at the coronation, and written in a cartouche.
Personal name
(nomen) The name given at birth, also written in a cartouche.
- Turin king list
223 kings – Dynasty 19 - Abydos Canon
76 kings – Dynasty 19 - Saqqara Canon
58 kings – Dynasty 19 - Karnak Canon
61 kings – Dynasty 18 - Comparing the canons
Abydos, Saqqara and Karnak - Ramesseum Canon
Ramesses II Mortuary Temple - Medinet Habu Canon
Ramesses III Mortuary Temple
Ancient historians
- Herodotus
450 BC – Histories - Manetho
250 BC – Aegyptiaca - Diodorus
50 BC – Bibliotheca Historica - Josephus
100 CE – Against Apion - Africanus
220 CE – Chronographai - Eusebius
325 CE – Chronicon - Jerome
380 CE – Chronicon - Syncellus
800 CE – Egloga Chronographai - Eratosthenes
Probably a forgery (date unknown) - Comparing the sources
Transmission of Manetho
by Africanus et. al.
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