According to Africanus, Manetho named Mencheres (Menkaura) as the successor of king Bicheris, but according to the archaeological records, he was the successor of Khafra. Eusebius' record of Manetho's fourth dynasty only mentions one king by name; Soyphis (Khufu). The fourth dynasty in the Turin papyrus is heavily damaged, but Khafra can be read in 4.12. The name that would occupy 4.14 mentions a reign of at least 28 years, which can hardly be anyone but Menkaura.
| Precedessor Successor | |
|---|---|
| Reign of Menkaura | |
| AE Chronology | 2447–2442 |
| v. Beckerath | 2514–2486 |
| Shaw | 2532–2503 |
| Dodson | 2414–2396 |
| Allen | 2490–2472 |
| Arnold | 2472–2454 |
| Malek | 2488–2460 |
| Redford | 2551–2523 |
| Turin King List | 28+ years |
| Manetho (Africanus) | 63 years |
The Royal Titulary
From the hieroglyphic records
Horus Ka khet The Dual King Men ka Ra
Horus names
The oldest form of the name of a pharaoh, a falcon representing Horus is perched on the palace facade.
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 54-55, 6:H1
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 54-55, 6:H2
Nebty name
The “Two Ladies”, the goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet, representing Upper and Lower Egypt respectively.
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 54-55, 6:N
Golden Horus name
Horus perched on Gold, which was associated with eternity, but its meaning is disputed.
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 54-55, 6:G
Throne names
Announced at the coronation and always written in a cartouche. The “official” name of the pharaoh. Also known as the Prenomen.
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 54-55, 6:E2
(only attested by Mariette in 1864.)
George Fraser, “The early tombs at Tehneh”, ASAE 3 (1903) 122-130, pl. IV (p. 192f)
Urk I 24-25
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 54-55, 6:E1
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 54-55, 6:E3
Gardiner, The Royal Canon of Turin (1959) III:14
The sources of antiquity
From the writings of the historians and scholars of antiquity
| Author | Greek | Transcription | Reign |
|---|---|---|---|
| Africanus iv, 4 | Mενχερης | Mencheres | 63 years |
| Herodotus 129 | Μυκερινον | Mycerinos | |
| Diodorus 1.64.6 | Μυκερινος | Mycerinus | |
| Eratosthenes 17 | Μοσχερως | Moscheres | 31 |
Bibliography
- Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 17 (1907): 95–100
- Beckerath, J., 1999. “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, Second edition, MÄS 49: 54–55
- Leprohon, R. J., 2013. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary. Atlanta: 36
- Baker. D. D., 2008. The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I. London: 200–202
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