Netjerikara
| Also known as: Netjerikare, Nitocris | Dynasty VIII |
The Turin papyrus (5.7) holds the throne name Netiqerti, which has long been thought to belong to queen Nitocris who is mentioned by Herodotus in a story where she takes revenge on the people that murdered her brother, an unnamed king. Manetho places Nitocris in the sixth dynasty, as the builder of Menkaura's pyramid at Giza, which shows the limits of relying too blindly on his writings.
The Turin papyrus also hold the birth name Siptah (son of Ptah), which indicates that the name is maculine, but the name Netiqerti is clearly feminine, which muddles the gender identification. It is however likely that a corruption in the records of the throne name Netjerikara ocurred, during the centuries leading to the New Kingdom. Netjerikara is present on the Abydos king list (40) directly following Nemtiemsaf II, but absent from the other New Kingdom king lists.
| Reign of Netjerikara | |
|---|---|
| von Beckerath | 2193–2191 |
| Shaw | 2184–2181 |
| Allen | 2152–2150 |
| Malek | 2141–2140 |
| Redford | 2205–2200 |
| Turin Canon | ... |
| Manetho (Africanus) | 12 years |
The Royal Titulary
From the hieroglyphic records
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 66-67, 1:T
Gardiner, The Royal Canon of Turin (1959), IV:8
Nitiqerty is most likely a corruption of Netjerikara.
ZÄS , 127, 92-93
The sources of antiquity
From the writings of the historians and scholars of antiquity
| Author | Greek | Transliteration | Transcription | Reign |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africanus vi, 6 | Νιτωκρις | Nitokris ♀ | Nitocris | 12 years |
| Eusebius vi | Νιτωκρις | Nitokris | Nitocris | |
| Herodotus 100.2 | Νιτωκρις | Nitokris | Nitocris | |
| Eratosthenes 22 | Νιτωκρις | Nitokris | Nitocris | 6 years |
Bibliography
Beckerath, J. Handbuch der Ägyptischen Königsnamen, MÄS 49 (1999): 64–65
Baker. D. D. The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I – Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC (London, 2008), 279–280
Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 17 (1907): 177–178, 180
Leprohon, R. J. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary (Atlanta, 2013), 43–44
Ryholt, K. (2000). "The Late Old Kingdom in the Turin King–list and the Identity of Nitocris." ZÄS 127, 87–100.
Callender, G. (2011). "Queen Neit–ikrety/Nitokris." Abusir and Saqqara in the year 2010/1. 247–260
Newberry, P. (1943). "Queen Nitocris of the Sixth Dynasty." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 29, 51–54
The full titulary was announced at the coronation, when a pharaoh officially became king.
Horus name
The oldest form of a pharaoh's name, often enclosed in a serekh, a sort of "heraldic crest" representing a palace facade.
Nebty name
The "Two Ladies", the heraldic goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet, representing Upper and Lower Egypt respectively.
Golden Horus name
Gold was strongly associated with eternity, but the meaning of this title is disputed.
Throne name
(prenomen) Announced at the coronation, and written in a cartouche.
Personal name
(nomen) The name given at birth, also written in a cartouche.
- Turin king list
223 kings – Dynasty 19 - Abydos Canon
76 kings – Dynasty 19 - Saqqara Canon
58 kings – Dynasty 19 - Karnak Canon
61 kings – Dynasty 18 - Comparing the canons
Abydos, Saqqara and Karnak - Ramesseum Canon
Ramesses II Mortuary Temple - Medinet Habu Canon
Ramesses III Mortuary Temple
Ancient historians
- Herodotus
450 BC – Histories - Manetho
250 BC – Aegyptiaca - Diodorus
50 BC – Bibliotheca Historica - Josephus
100 CE – Against Apion - Africanus
220 CE – Chronographai - Eusebius
325 CE – Chronicon - Jerome
380 CE – Chronicon - Syncellus
800 CE – Egloga Chronographai - Eratosthenes
Probably a forgery (date unknown) - Comparing the sources
Transmission of Manetho
by Africanus et. al.
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