Pepi II
| Also known as: Pepy II, Neferkare | Dynasty VI |
Pepi II became king when he was six years old, and according to Manetho, he went on to rule for 94 years. That he did rule for some sixty odd years can be corroborated, but anything more than that is uncertain. His long reign is thought to have led to stagnation of the administration of the kingdom, and was perhaps a key ingredient of the fall of the Old Kingdom. Manetho trancribed Pepi into Greek as Phiops.
| Reign of Pepi II | |
|---|---|
| AE Chronology | 2216–2153 |
| von Beckerath | 2254–2194 |
| Shaw | 2278–2184 |
| Dodson | 2212–2118 |
| Allen | 2246–2152 |
| Malek | 2236–2143 |
| Franke | 2245–2180 |
| Redford | 2300–2206 |
| Turin Canon | 90+x years |
| Manetho (Africanus) | 94 years |
| Highest attestation | Year 62 |
The Royal Titulary
From the hieroglyphic records
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 64-65, 5:H
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), II, 116a
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 64-65, 5:N
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), II, 116a
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 64-65, 5:G
Saqqara king list 23
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), II, 113g
Gardiner, The Royal Canon of Turin (1959), IV:5
Sethe, Die Altaegyptischen Pyramidentexte nach den Papierabdrucken und Photographien des Berliner Museums, I
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 64-65, 5:E2
Uncertain reading but Prisse show p-i, with traces of what could be another p-i.
Prisse d'Avennes, Monuments Égyptiens..., Plate I
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 64-65, 5:E3
The sources of antiquity
From the writings of the historians and scholars of antiquity
| Author | Greek | Transliteration | Transcription | Reign |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africanus vi, 4 | Φιωψ | Phiops | Phiops | 94 years |
| Eusebius v, 4 | Φιωψ | Phiops | Phiops | 94 years |
| Eratosthenes 20 | Aπαππους | Apappous | Apappus | 100 years |
Bibliography
Beckerath, J. Handbuch der Ägyptischen Königsnamen, MÄS 49 (1999): 64–65
Baker. D. D. The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I – Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC (London, 2008), 295–297
Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 17 (1907): 169–176
Leprohon, R. J. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary (Atlanta, 2013), 43
The full titulary was announced at the coronation, when a pharaoh officially became king.
Horus name
The oldest form of a pharaoh's name, often enclosed in a serekh, a sort of "heraldic crest" representing a palace facade.
Nebty name
The "Two Ladies", the heraldic goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet, representing Upper and Lower Egypt respectively.
Golden Horus name
Gold was strongly associated with eternity, but the meaning of this title is disputed.
Throne name
(prenomen) Announced at the coronation, and written in a cartouche.
Personal name
(nomen) The name given at birth, also written in a cartouche.
- Turin king list
223 kings – Dynasty 19 - Abydos Canon
76 kings – Dynasty 19 - Saqqara Canon
58 kings – Dynasty 19 - Karnak Canon
61 kings – Dynasty 18 - Comparing the canons
Abydos, Saqqara and Karnak - Ramesseum Canon
Ramesses II Mortuary Temple - Medinet Habu Canon
Ramesses III Mortuary Temple
Ancient historians
- Herodotus
450 BC – Histories - Manetho
250 BC – Aegyptiaca - Diodorus
50 BC – Bibliotheca Historica - Josephus
100 CE – Against Apion - Africanus
220 CE – Chronographai - Eusebius
325 CE – Chronicon - Jerome
380 CE – Chronicon - Syncellus
800 CE – Egloga Chronographai - Eratosthenes
Probably a forgery (date unknown) - Comparing the sources
Transmission of Manetho
by Africanus et. al.
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