Psusennes I in hieroglyphs

The third pharaoh of the Twenty-first Dynasty,

Psusennes is the ancient Greek transcription of his original name Pasibkhanu or Pasebakhaenniut. His tomb in Tanis was discovered completely intact in 1940, but the damp climate of Lower Egypt had destroyed almost everything but metal objects.

Precedessor Amenemnesut Successor Amenemope
Reign of Psusennes I
AE Chronology	1051–1006
v. Beckerath	1044–994
Shaw	1039–991
Dodson	1034–981
Redford	1055–1004
Manetho (Africanus)	46 years
Manetho (Eusebius)	41 years
Manetho (Jerome)	41 years

The Royal Titulary

From the hieroglyphic records

Horus Ka nakht em ded Amun, user fau, sekha em Waset
The Dual King Aa kheper Ra, setep en Amun Son of Ra Pa seba kha en niut mery Amun

Horus name

The oldest form of the name of a pharaoh, a falcon representing Horus is perched on the palace facade.

Horus name

Ka nakht em ded Amun, user fau, sekha em Waset

kꜢ-nḫt m-Ꜣwi-imn wsr-fꜢw sḫꜤi-m-wꜢst

The strong bull through the gift of Amun, rich in splendor, who has been made to appear in Thebes

E2:D40-m-D37:D37-i-mn:n-wsr-f:F40:W-s-xa:a-m-R19-t:O49

Montet, La Nécropole royale de Tanis (1951), Vol. 2, 96-97, fig. 38, pl. 55
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 178-179, 3:H

Nebty name

The “Two Ladies”, the goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet, representing Upper and Lower Egypt respectively.

Nebty name

Wer menu em Ipet-sut, neb pehty, waf tawy, wah nesyt mi Ra em pet

wr-mnw-m-ipt-swt nb-pḥti-wꜤf-tꜢwi-wꜢḥ-nsit-mi-rꜤ-m-pt

Great of monuments in Karnak, the possessor of might who has subdued the Two Lands, the one enduring of kingship like Ra in heaven

wr:r-mn:n:nw*nw*nw-m-i-p:t-st-3:O49-nb:F9*F9-G45:f-N17:N17:N21*N21-wAH-t-sw-ra:m-mi-p*t:N1

Montet, La Nécropole royale de Tanis (1951), Vol. 2, 135-136, fig. 51, pl. 107
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 178-179, 3:N

Golden Horus name

Horus perched on Gold, which was associated with eternity, but its meaning is disputed.

Golden Horus name

Sema tau, der pedjut 9, itj em sekhemef em tau nebu

smꜢ-tꜢw dr-pḏt iṯi-sḫm.f-m-tꜢw-nbw

Who has united lands, repelled the Nine Bows, and seized with his strong arm all lands

zmA-L1:3-d:r:D40-pD:t*3:3*3-iTi:D40-m-m:f-sxm-m-N17:N17:N17:N21*N21-nb:W*3

Montet, La Nécropole royale de Tanis (1951), Vol. 2, 96-97, fig. 38, pl. 55
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 178-179, 3:G

Throne names

Announced at the coronation and always written in a cartouche. The “official” name of the pharaoh. Also known as the Prenomen.

Throne name

Aa kheper Ra, setep en Amun

ꜤꜢ-ḫpr-rꜤ stp.n-imn

The great one is a manifestation of Ra, chosen by Amun

ra:aA-xpr-C12-stp:n

Mariette, Monuments divers recueillis en Égypte et en Nubie (1872), II, pl. 102c
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 178-179, 3:T2

Throne name variant

Aa kheper Ra, setep en Amun

ꜤꜢ-ḫpr-rꜤ stp.n-imn

The great one is a manifestation of Ra, chosen by Amun

ra-O29v-xpr-i-mn:n:stp:N17

Montet, La Nécropole royale de Tanis (1951), Vol. 2, 96-97, fig. 38, pl. 55
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 178-179, 3:T1

Throne name variant

Aa kheper Ra, mery Amun

ꜤꜢ-ḫpr-rꜤ mri-imn

The great one is a manifestation of Ra, beloved of Amun

ra-O29v-xpr-i-mn:n:U7

Montet, La Nécropole royale de Tanis (1951), Vol. 2, 170, fig. 63
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 178-179, 3:T3

Throne name variant

Aa kheper Ra, setep en Maat

ꜤꜢ-ḫpr-rꜤ stp.n-mꜢꜤt

The great one is a manifestation of Ra, chosen by Maat

ra:aA-xpr-C10A-stp:n

Squatting statue (Cairo Museum CG 626)
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 178-179, 3:T4

Birth names

Personal name given at birth. Also known as the Nomen.

Birth name

Pa seba kha en niut mery Amun

pꜢ-sbꜢ-ḫꜢi-n-niwt mri-imn

The star who has appeared in Niut (Thebes), beloved of Amun

i-mn:n:U7-G40-N14*xa:n:O49

Daressy, Contribution à l'étude de la XXIe dynastie égyptienne, Revue Archeologique 1896/01 (SER3,T28): 76
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 178-179, 3:E1

Birth name variant

Pa seba kha en niut

pꜢ-sbꜢ-ḫꜤi-n-niwt

The star who has appeared in Niut (Thebes)

G40-N14:xa-n:O49*t

Montet, La Nécropole royale de Tanis (1951), Vol. 2, 96-97, fig. 38, pl. 55
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 178-179, 3:E2

Birth name variant

Hem netjer tepy en Amun, Pa seba kha en niut

ḥm-nṯr tpi-n-imn pꜢ-sbꜢ-ḫꜤi-n-niwt

High Priest of Amun, The star who has appeared in Niut (Thebes)

nTr-U36-D1*p:n-i-mn:n-G40-N14*xa:n:O49

Montet, La Nécropole royale de Tanis (1951), Vol. 2, 170, fig. 63
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 178-179, 3:E3

The sources of antiquity

From the writings of the historians and scholars of antiquity

Author	Greek	Transcription	Reign
Africanus _{xxi, 2}	Ψουσεννης	Psusennes	46 years
Eusebius _{xxi, 2}	Ψουσεννης	Psusennes	41 years
Jerome		Psusennes	41 years

Bibliography

Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 19 (1913): 289–291
Beckerath, J., 1999. “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, Second edition, MÄS 49: 178–179
Leprohon, R. J., 2013. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary. Atlanta: 139–140

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