Ramesses I
| Also known as: Ramses I | Dynasty XIX |
Ramesses I was already an old man when he was chosen by Horemheb to succeed him upon his death. The new dynasty he founded was only just starting up when Ramesses I died, and his son Seti I ascended the throne, ensuring that the dynasty lived on. Seti might well have been a reason Ramesses was chosen as succession from father-to-son had been non-existent since the death of Akhenaten
Ramesses I's almost ephemeral reign meant that he didn't get to build much, but that was soon remedied by his son, who became a very prolific builder, who in turn was outdone his son, Ramesses II.
| Reign of Ramesses I | |
|---|---|
| AE Chronology | 1292–1291 |
| von Beckerath | 1292–1290 |
| Shaw | 1295–1294 |
| Dodson | 1298–1296 |
| Malek | 1295–1294 |
| Arnold | 1307–1306 |
| Grimal | 1295–1294 |
| Redford | 1315–1314 |
| Manetho (Josephus) | 1y 4m |
| Highest attestation | Year 2 |
The Royal Titulary
From the hieroglyphic records
Horus name
Ka nakht wadj nesyt
kꜢ-nḫt wꜢḏ-nsyt
The strong bull, he who rejuvenates the royalty
E1:D40-wAD-sw-t-i-i-Y1:Z2
Brussels E.2171
Gardiner, Peet, Cerny The Inscriptions of Sinai, I, plate LXVIII (244)
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, I, 1:8
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 148-149, 1:H
Gardiner, Peet, Cerny The Inscriptions of Sinai, I, plate LXVIII (244)
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, I, 1:8
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 148-149, 1:H
Horus name variant
Ka nakht wadj nesyt
kꜢ-nḫt wꜢḏ-nsyt
The strong bull, he who rejuvenates the royalty
E1:D40-wAD-sw-t-i-i-A40B-Z3
Porter & Moss, Topographical Bibliography, VII, 130 (4)
Louvre C57 stele
Champollion, Monuments de l'Égypte et de la Nubie, I, plate 1 (2)
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, I, 2:9
Louvre C57 stele
Champollion, Monuments de l'Égypte et de la Nubie, I, plate 1 (2)
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, I, 2:9
Nebty name
Kha em nisut mi Itemu
ḫꜤi-m-nsw-mi-itm
He who appears as a king, like Atum
xa:a:Y1-m&t-sw-A44-mi-i-t:U15:Aa15
Brussels E.2171
Gardiner, Peet, Cerny The Inscriptions of Sinai, I, plate LXVIII (244)
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, I, 1:8
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 148-149, 2:N
Gardiner, Peet, Cerny The Inscriptions of Sinai, I, plate LXVIII (244)
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, I, 1:8
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 148-149, 2:N
Golden Horus name
Semen Maat khet tawy
smn-mꜢꜤt-ḫt-tꜢwi
Who established
Maat throughout the Two Lands
s-mn:n-U32-Aa11v-xt:x*t:D54-N21:N21
Porter & Moss, Topographical Bibliography, VII, 130 (4)
Louvre C57 stele
Champollion, Monuments de l'Égypte et de la Nubie, I, plate 1 (2)
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, I, 2:9
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 148-149, 2:G2
Louvre C57 stele
Champollion, Monuments de l'Égypte et de la Nubie, I, plate 1 (2)
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, I, 2:9
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 148-149, 2:G2
Throne name
Men pehty Ra
mn-pḥti-rꜤ
Eternal is the Strength of Ra
ra:mn-F9
Copenhagen National Museum obelisk fragment No. 468
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, I, 5:3
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, I, 5:3
Throne name variant
Men pehty Ra
mn-pḥti-rꜤ
Eternal is the Strength of Ra
ra-F9-mn
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, I, 3:16; 4:2
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 148-149, 1:T4
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 148-149, 1:T4
Throne name variant
Men pehty Ra
mn-pḥti-rꜤ
Eternal is the Strength of Ra
ra-mn:n-F9
Louvre C57 stele
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, I, 2:6
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), III, 123a
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, I, 2:6
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), III, 123a
Throne name variant
Men pehty Ra
mn-pḥti-rꜤ
Eternal is the Strength of Ra
ra:mn-F9-F9
Brussels E.2171
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, I, 1:12
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 148-149, 1:T1
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, I, 1:12
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 148-149, 1:T1
Throne name variant
Men pehty Ra
mn-pḥti-rꜤ
Eternal is the Strength of Ra
ra:mn-S3-F9
Porter & Moss, Topographical Bibliography, VII, 130 (4)
Louvre C57 stele
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, I, 2:10
Rosellini, Monumenti Storici, IV.1 plate XLV (1)
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 148-149, 2:T2
Louvre C57 stele
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, I, 2:10
Rosellini, Monumenti Storici, IV.1 plate XLV (1)
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 148-149, 2:T2
Throne name variant
Men pehty Ra
mn-pḥti-rꜤ
Eternal is the Strength of Ra
ra-F9-F9-mn
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, I, 4:9
ASAE, 4, 182
ASAE, 4, 182
Throne name variant
Men pehty Ra
mn-pḥti-rꜤ
Eternal is the Strength of Ra
ra:mn-F9:t*t
Abydos king list 75
Throne name variant
Men pehty Ra
mn-pḥti-rꜤ
Eternal is the Strength of Ra
ra-F9-t*t:mn
Saqqara king list 3
Throne name variant
Men pehty Ra
mn-pḥti-rꜤ
Eternal is the Strength of Ra
ra-mn:n-F9-F9
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, I, 3:10
Louvre E 7690 (pedestal of a statue)
Louvre E 7690 (pedestal of a statue)
Throne name variant
Men pehty Ra, heqa Maat
mn-pḥti-rꜤ ḥḳꜢ-mꜢꜤt
Eternal is the Strength of Ra, ruler of Maat
ra:mn-HqA-F9-H6
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, I, 5:4
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 148-149, 1:T5
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 148-149, 1:T5
Throne name variant
Men pehty Ra, tit Ra
mn-pḥti-rꜤ tit-rꜤ
Eternal is the Strength of Ra, the image of Ra
ra:mn-F9-F9-ra:D17:t
Brussels E.2171
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, I, 1:5
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 148-149, 1:T6
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, I, 1:5
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 148-149, 1:T6
Birth name
Ramessu
rꜤ-msi-sw
Ra has fashioned him
ra-ms-s-sw-w
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, I, 1:15
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), III, 123a
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 148-149, 1:E1
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), III, 123a
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 148-149, 1:E1
Birth name variant
Ramessu
rꜤ-msi-sw
Ra has fashioned him
ra-ms-s-z
Brussels E.2171
Gardiner, Peet, Cerny The Inscriptions of Sinai, I, plate LXVIII (244)
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, I, 1:6
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 148-149, 1:E3
Gardiner, Peet, Cerny The Inscriptions of Sinai, I, plate LXVIII (244)
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, I, 1:6
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 148-149, 1:E3
Birth name variant
Ramessu
rꜤ-msi-sw
Ra has fashioned him
ra-ms-s-s
Brussels E.2171
Gardiner, Peet, Cerny The Inscriptions of Sinai, I, plate LXVIII (244)
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, I, 1:12
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 148-149, 1:E2
Gardiner, Peet, Cerny The Inscriptions of Sinai, I, plate LXVIII (244)
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, I, 1:12
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 148-149, 1:E2
Birth name variant
Ramessu heqa Maat
rꜤ-msi-sw ḥḳꜢ-mꜢꜤt
Ramesses, ruler of Maat
ra-ms-s-s-HqA-q-H6
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, I, 3:8
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 148-149, 1:E4
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 148-149, 1:E4
The complete titulary
Sources containing all five names of the royal titulary
Buhen, stela of Ramesses I, year 2
Kitchen 1975, 2, §3; Louvre stela C57
The sources of antiquity
From the writings of the historians and scholars of antiquity
| Author | Greek | Transliteration | Transcription | Reign |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Josephus 97 | Pαμεσσης | Rhamesses | Ramesses | 1 year, 4 months |
Bibliography
Beckerath, J. Handbuch der Ägyptischen Königsnamen, MÄS 49 (1999): 148–149
Baker. D. D. The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I – Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC (London, 2008), 305–307
Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 19 (1913): 2–9
Leprohon, R. J. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary (Atlanta, 2013), 109
The Royal titulary
The full titulary was announced at the coronation, when a pharaoh officially became king.
Horus name
The oldest form of a pharaoh's name, often enclosed in a serekh, a sort of "heraldic crest" representing a palace facade.
Nebty name
The "Two Ladies", the heraldic goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet, representing Upper and Lower Egypt respectively.
Golden Horus name
Gold was strongly associated with eternity, but the meaning of this title is disputed.
Throne name
(prenomen) Announced at the coronation, and written in a cartouche.
Personal name
(nomen) The name given at birth, also written in a cartouche.
Kinglists
- Turin king list
223 kings – Dynasty 19 - Abydos Canon
76 kings – Dynasty 19 - Saqqara Canon
58 kings – Dynasty 19 - Karnak Canon
61 kings – Dynasty 18 - Comparing the canons
Abydos, Saqqara and Karnak - Ramesseum Canon
Ramesses II Mortuary Temple - Medinet Habu Canon
Ramesses III Mortuary Temple
Ancient historians
- Herodotus
450 BC – Histories - Manetho
250 BC – Aegyptiaca - Diodorus
50 BC – Bibliotheca Historica - Josephus
100 CE – Against Apion - Africanus
220 CE – Chronographai - Eusebius
325 CE – Chronicon - Jerome
380 CE – Chronicon - Syncellus
800 CE – Egloga Chronographai - Eratosthenes
Probably a forgery (date unknown) - Comparing the sources
Transmission of Manetho
by Africanus et. al.
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