Senusret III
| Also known as: Senusret III, Senwosret III, Sesostris | Dynasty XII |
Senusret III was perhaps the greatest pharaoh of the Twelfth Dynasty and was deified during his own lifetime. His name is known as Sesostris from Manetho and other ancient historians, which is a transcription corruption of Senusret into Greek. His throne name is present on the Abydos (63) and Saqqara (19) king lists, and his name was likely found at 6.24 on the Turin Canon, where the name unfortunately is lost, but a reign of 30+x years of reign is preserved.
| Reign of Senusret III | |
|---|---|
| AE Chronology | 1837–1819 |
| von Beckerath | 1872–1853 |
| Shaw | 1874–1855 |
| Dodson | 1881–1840 |
| Malek | 1878–1859 |
| Arnold | 1878–1841 |
| Grimal | 1878–1842 |
| Franke | 1837–1818 |
| Redford | 1878–1843 |
| Turin Canon | 30+x years |
| Manetho | 48 years |
| Highest attestation | Year 39 |
The Royal Titulary
From the hieroglyphic records
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), II, 135h
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 84-85, 5:H
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), II, 135h
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 84-85, 5:N
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), II, 135h
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 84-85, 5:G
Stela of Ikhernofret, (Berlin, ÄM 1204)
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), II, 135h
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 84-85, 5:T1
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 84-85, 5:T3
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 84-85, 5:T4
Gardiner, The Royal Canon of Turin (1959), V:24
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), II, 135h
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 84-85, 5:E
The sources of antiquity
From the writings of the historians and scholars of antiquity
| Author | Greek | Transliteration | Transcription | Reign |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africanus xii, 3 | Σεσωστρις | Sesostris | Sesostris | 48 years |
| Eusebius xii, 3 | Σεσωστρις | Sesostris | Sesostris | 48 years |
| Herodotus 102.1 | Σεσωστρις | Sesostris | Sesostris | |
| Diodorus 1.53.1 | Σεσοωσις | Sesoösis | Sesoosis | 33 years |
| Eratosthenes 34 | Σιστοσιχερμης | Sistosikhermes | Sistosichermes | 55 years |
Bibliography
Beckerath, J. Handbuch der Ägyptischen Königsnamen, MÄS 49 (1999): 84–85
Baker. D. D. The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I – Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC (London, 2008), 397–401
Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 17 (1907): 302–316
Leprohon, R. J. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary (Atlanta, 2013), 59
The full titulary was announced at the coronation, when a pharaoh officially became king.
Horus name
The oldest form of a pharaoh's name, often enclosed in a serekh, a sort of "heraldic crest" representing a palace facade.
Nebty name
The "Two Ladies", the heraldic goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet, representing Upper and Lower Egypt respectively.
Golden Horus name
Gold was strongly associated with eternity, but the meaning of this title is disputed.
Throne name
(prenomen) Announced at the coronation, and written in a cartouche.
Personal name
(nomen) The name given at birth, also written in a cartouche.
- Turin king list
223 kings – Dynasty 19 - Abydos Canon
76 kings – Dynasty 19 - Saqqara Canon
58 kings – Dynasty 19 - Karnak Canon
61 kings – Dynasty 18 - Comparing the canons
Abydos, Saqqara and Karnak - Ramesseum Canon
Ramesses II Mortuary Temple - Medinet Habu Canon
Ramesses III Mortuary Temple
Ancient historians
- Herodotus
450 BC – Histories - Manetho
250 BC – Aegyptiaca - Diodorus
50 BC – Bibliotheca Historica - Josephus
100 CE – Against Apion - Africanus
220 CE – Chronographai - Eusebius
325 CE – Chronicon - Jerome
380 CE – Chronicon - Syncellus
800 CE – Egloga Chronographai - Eratosthenes
Probably a forgery (date unknown) - Comparing the sources
Transmission of Manetho
by Africanus et. al.
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