Tausret
| Also known as: Tawosret, Twosret | Dynasty XIX |
Queen Tausret was the chief wife of Seti II and upon his death, she became regent for his eldest son and heir Siptah, and ultimately pharaoh. Her reign only lasted a year or two before civil war broke out that ended with her demise and the start of a new dynasty founded by Setnakht.
Manetho included her in his king list as Thouoris with a reign of seven years, which is known to include the reign of Siptah. Tausret's name is excluded on Ramesses III's list of ancestors at Medinet Habu which can only mean that she was not seen as a legitime pharaoh at the time.
| Reign of Tausret | |
|---|---|
| AE Chronology | 1192–1191 |
| von Beckerath | 1186–1185 |
| Shaw | 1188–1186 |
| Dodson | 1189–1187 |
| Malek | 1188–1186 |
| Arnold | 1198–1196 |
| Grimal | 1196–1188 |
| Redford | 1209–1201 |
| Manetho | 7 years |
| Highest attestation | Year 8 |
The Royal Titulary
From the hieroglyphic records
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 162-163, 8:H2
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 162-163, 8:H1
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 162-163, 8:N
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, IV, 354:3
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 162-163, 8:T2
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, IV, 354:4
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 162-163, 8:T3
Gardiner, Peet, Cerny, Six Temples, plate 17 (2)
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, IV, 353:15
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 162-163, 8:T4
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 162-163, 8:T5
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 162-163, 8:T6
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions 351:13
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), III, 201a
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 162-163, 8:E1
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 162-163, 8:E2
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, IV, 353:15
Gardiner, Peet, Cerny, Six Temples, plate 17 (2)
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 162-163, 8:E3
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 162-163, 8:E4
The sources of antiquity
From the writings of the historians and scholars of antiquity
| Author | Greek | Transliteration | Transcription | Reign |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africanus xix, 6 | Θουωρις | Thouoris | Thuris | 7 years |
| Eusebius xix, 5 | Θουωρις | Thouoris | Thuris | 7 years |
| Jerome 45 | Thuoris | 7 years |
Bibliography
Beckerath, J. Handbuch der Ägyptischen Königsnamen, MÄS 49 (1999): 162–163
Baker. D. D. The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I – Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC (London, 2008), 458–460
Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 19 (1913): 145–148
Leprohon, R. J. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary (Atlanta, 2013), 125
The full titulary was announced at the coronation, when a pharaoh officially became king.
Horus name
The oldest form of a pharaoh's name, often enclosed in a serekh, a sort of "heraldic crest" representing a palace facade.
Nebty name
The "Two Ladies", the heraldic goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet, representing Upper and Lower Egypt respectively.
Golden Horus name
Gold was strongly associated with eternity, but the meaning of this title is disputed.
Throne name
(prenomen) Announced at the coronation, and written in a cartouche.
Personal name
(nomen) The name given at birth, also written in a cartouche.
- Turin king list
223 kings – Dynasty 19 - Abydos Canon
76 kings – Dynasty 19 - Saqqara Canon
58 kings – Dynasty 19 - Karnak Canon
61 kings – Dynasty 18 - Comparing the canons
Abydos, Saqqara and Karnak - Ramesseum Canon
Ramesses II Mortuary Temple - Medinet Habu Canon
Ramesses III Mortuary Temple
Ancient historians
- Herodotus
450 BC – Histories - Manetho
250 BC – Aegyptiaca - Diodorus
50 BC – Bibliotheca Historica - Josephus
100 CE – Against Apion - Africanus
220 CE – Chronographai - Eusebius
325 CE – Chronicon - Jerome
380 CE – Chronicon - Syncellus
800 CE – Egloga Chronographai - Eratosthenes
Probably a forgery (date unknown) - Comparing the sources
Transmission of Manetho
by Africanus et. al.
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