Thutmose I in hieroglyphs

The third pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty, a.k.a. Tuthmosis I, Thutmosis I

Thutmose I, the third king of the Eighteenth Dynasty, was placed as the fifth by Africanus under the name Misaphris, while Eusebius placed Miphres as the fourth king. The discrepancy of the sources of Manetho is quite unreliable for the entire 18th dynasty

The lineage of the parents of Thutmose I are unknown. His father could have been Amenhotep I, or his mother mught have been a member of kings family, but there is no real evidence for either.

The name of the god Thoth is an ancient Greek transcription of the original name Djehuty. Thutmose is a compromise between the Greek transcription Thutmosis and the modern Djehutimes.

Precedessor Amenhotep I Successor Thutmose II
Reign of Thutmose I
AE Chronology	1493–1483
v. Beckerath	1504–1492
Shaw	1504–1492
Dodson	1503–1491
Arnold	1504–1492
Malek	1504–1492
Grimal	1506–1493
Redford	1525–1516
Manetho (Josephus)	12y 9m
Manetho (Africanus)	13 years
Manetho (Eusebius)	12 years
Manetho (Jerome)	12 years
Highest attestation	Year 8/9

The Royal Titulary

From the hieroglyphic records

Horus Ka nakht mery Maat The Dual King Aa kheper ka Ra Son of Ra Djehutimes

Horus names

The oldest form of the name of a pharaoh, a falcon representing Horus is perched on the palace facade.

Horus name

Ka nakht mery Maat

kꜢ-nḫt-mri-mꜢꜤt

Strong bull, beloved of Maat

E1:D40-C10A-mr

Karnak Obelisk D - east and west faces
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 93 (15)
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 6

Horus name variant

Ka nakht mery Maat

kꜢ-nḫt mri-mꜢꜤt

Strong bull, beloved of Maat

E1:D40-mAat-mr-i-i

Rock inscription at Tombos
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 87e
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 132-133, 3:H3

Horus name variant

Ka nakht mery Maat

kꜢ-nḫt mri-mꜢꜤt

Strong bull, beloved of Maat

E1-n:xt:x*t-D40-mAat-mr

Coronation decree of Tuthmosis I
Erman, Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde, 29, 116-119
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 132-133, 3:H2

Horus name variant

Ka nakht mery Maat

kꜢ-nḫt mri-mꜢꜤt

Strong bull, beloved of Maat

E1-A24-C10A-mr

Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 5a
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 132-133, 3:H2

Horus name variant

Ka nakht en Ra

kꜢ-nḫt-n-rꜤ

Strong bull of Ra

E1:D40-n:ra*Z1-A40

Karnak Obelisk D - south face
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 6
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 132-133, 3:H4

Horus name variant

Mery Ra kha em hedjet

mri-rꜤ ḫꜤi-m-ḥḏt

Beloved of Ra, who has appeared in the White Crown

ra:U7-xa-m-S1

Karnak Obelisk D - north face
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 6
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 132-133, 3:H5

Nebty names

The “Two Ladies”, the goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet, representing Upper and Lower Egypt respectively.

Nebty name

Kha em nesret aa pehty

ḫꜤi-m-nsrt ꜤꜢ-pḥti

He who appears with the uraeus, great of stength

m&xa-n:z:r-t:aA:F9*F9

Karnak Obelisk D - east face
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 6

Nebty name variant

Kha em nesret aa pehty

ḫꜤi-m-nsrt ꜤꜢ-pḥti

He who appears with the uraeus, great of stength

xa:a-m-n:ns&r:t-I13-D40:F9*F9

Year 2 commemorative stele of Nubian campaign victory
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 82
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 5a
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 132-133, 3:N1

Nebty name variant

Du Atum kha khau

dwꜢ-itm ḫꜤi-ḫꜤw

Who worships Atum, radiant of appearances

t:U15-A51D-N14:xa-A30-xa:w

Karnak Obelisk D - north face
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 6
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 132-133, 3:N3

Nebty name variant

Ity tau nebu

iṯi-tꜢw-nb(w)

Who has seized all lands

V15-N17:N17:N17:nb

Karnak Obelisk D - south face
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 6
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 132-133, 3:N2

Golden Horus names

Horus perched on Gold, which was associated with eternity, but its meaning is disputed.

Golden Horus name

Aa pehty user khepesh wadj renput em hutaat Maat

ꜤꜢ-pḥti wsr-ḫpš wꜢḏ-rnpwt-m-ḥwt-ꜤꜢt-mꜢꜤt

Great of strength and strong-armed, enduring of years in the temple of Maat

aA:F9*F9-wsr-s-xpS-wAD-rnp-rnp-rnp-m-O8-mAat-t:pr

Karnak Obelisk D - north face
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 6
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 134-135, 3:G3

Golden Horus name variant

Hui pedjut 9

ḥwi-pḏt-9

Who has struck down the Nine Bows

H-A24-pD:Z3:Z3*Z3

Karnak Obelisk D - south face
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 6
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 134-135, 3:G2

Golden Horus name variant

Nefer renput seankh ibu

nfr-rnpwt sꜤnḫ-ibw

He whose years are perfect/beautiful, and makes hearts live

nfr-rnp-rnp-rnp-s-anx-ib:ib:ib

Karnak Obelisks D - east face
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 93 (17)
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 6
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 134-135, 3:G1

Throne names

Announced at the coronation and always written in a cartouche. The “official” name of the pharaoh. Also known as the Prenomen.

Throne name

Aa kheper ka Ra

ꜤꜢ-ḫpr-kꜢ-rꜤ

Great is the manifestation of the soul of Ra

ra-O29v-xpr-kA

Tombos stela of Nubian campaign victory
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 82
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 5a
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 134-135, 3:T1

Throne name variant

Aa kheper ka Ra

ꜤꜢ-ḫpr-kꜢ-rꜤ

Great is the manifestation of the soul of Ra

ra:aA-xpr-kA

Abydos Canon no. 68

Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 134-135, 3:T1

Throne name variant

Aa kheper ka Ra, setep en Ra

ꜤꜢ-ḫpr-kꜢ-rꜤ stp.n-rꜤ

Great is the manifestation of the soul of Ra, chosen of Ra

ra:aA-xpr-kA-stp&ra:n

Karnak Obelisk D - east face
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 6
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 134-135, 3:T3

Throne name variant

Aa kheper ka Ra, iri en Ra

ꜤꜢ-ḫpr-kꜢ-rꜤ iri.n-rꜤ

Great is the manifestation of the soul of Ra, who Ra has made

ra:aA-xpr-kA:ra-ir:n

Karnak Obelisk D - north face
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 6
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 134-135, 3:T2

Throne name variant

Aa kheper ka Ra, tit Amun

ꜤꜢ-ḫpr-kꜢ-rꜤ iti-imn

Great is the manifestation of the soul of Ra, the image of Amun

ra:aA-xpr-kA-i-mn:n:D17

Karnak Obelisk D - west face
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 6
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 134-135, 3:T4

Throne name variant

Aa kheper ka Ra, mery en Ra

ꜤꜢ-ḫpr-kꜢ-rꜤ mri.n-rꜤ

Great is the manifestation of the soul of Ra, beloved of Ra

ra:aA-xpr-kA:ra-U7:n

Karnak Obelisk D - south face
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 6
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 134-135, 3:T5

Birth names

Personal name given at birth. Also known as the Nomen.

Birth name

Djehutimes

ḏḥwti-msi(w)

Thoth is born

G26-ms-s

Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde, 29, pp. 116-119
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 5a
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 134-135, 3:E1

Birth name variant

Djehutimes kha neferu

ḏḥwti-ms ḫꜤi-nfrw

Thoth is born, who has appeared perfectly

G26-xa-ms-nfr-Z2:z

Karnak Obelisk D - east face
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 6
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 134-135, 3:E3

Birth name variant

Djehutimes kha mi Ra

ḏḥwti-ms ḫꜤi-mi-rꜤ

Thoth is born, who has appeared like Ra

G26-xa:ra-ms*mi:z

Karnak Obelisk D - north+south face
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 6
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 134-135, 3:E2

The sources of antiquity

From the writings of the historians and scholars of antiquity

Author	Greek	Transcription	Reign
Africanus _{xviii, 5}	Μισαφρις	Misaphris	13 years
Eusebius _{xviii, 4}	Μιφρης	Miphres	12 years
Jerome		Mephres	12 years
Josephus ₉₅	Μηφρης	Mephres	12 years, 9 months

Bibliography

Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 18 (1912): 212–227
Beckerath, J., 1999. “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, Second edition, MÄS 49: 132–135
Leprohon, R. J., 2013. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary. Atlanta: 96–97
Baker. D. D., 2008. The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I. London: 463–467

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