Second Intermediate Period of Ancient Egypt

After the death of Queen Neferusobek, the decision was made to move the capital to Thebes in the south, which had the effect of reducing northern control. This was the beginning of the end for the Middle Kingdom. The Second Intermediate Period that resulted from this lasted for about two centuries.

Increased trade and immigration led to a wave of Semitic peoples settling in Avaris in the Delta, eventually exerting political influence throughout the kingdom. Referred to by Greek historians as ‘Hyksos’, this name has persisted in the historical record, marking their rule in the north and the continued Egyptian rule of the Thirteenth Dynasty at Thebes in the south. The records of this period are confused or absent.

The Hyksos were driven out of Egypt by Ahmose I and the Two Lands united once again, marking the beginning of the New Kingdom.

Dynasty XIII

#PharaohAlternate namesReign (BC)
1Sobekhotep ISekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep1803–1800
2SonbefSekhemkare Amenemhat Sonbef1800–1796
3NerikaraNerikare1796
4Sekhemkara AmenemhatAmenemhat V1796–1793
5Ameny Qemau1793–1791
6Qemau SiharnedjheritefAmenemhat VI1791–1788
7Iufni1788
8Sankhibra Amenemhat1788–1785
9NebnunSemenkare Nebnun, Nebennu1785–1783
10Sewesekhtawy Sehotepibra1783–1781
11Sewadjkara1781
12Nedjemibra1780
13Sobekhotep IIKhaankhre Sobekhotep, Sobekhotep I in older studies1780–1777
14Ranisonb1777
15Hor I1777–1775
16Sekhemra Khutawy1775–1772
17Djedkheperu1772–1770
18Sebkay1770–1769
19Sedjefakara Kay-AmenemhatAmenemhat VII1769–1766
20Wegaf1766–1764
21Khendjer1764–1759
22ImyremeshawSmenkhkare Emramesha1759
23Intef IVIntef V, Sehotepkare Intef
24Meribra Seth1749
25Sobekhotep IIISekhemre Sewadjtawy Sobkhotep1749–1742
26Neferhotep IKhasekhemre Neferhotep1742–1731
27SihathorMenwadjre Sihathor, Sahathor1733
28Sobekhotep IVKhaneferre Sobekhotep1732–1720
29Sobekhotep VMerhotepre Sobekhotep, Sobekhotep VI in older studies1720–1717
30Sobekhotep VIKhahotepre Sobekhotep, Sobekhotep V1717–1712
31Wahibra JaibWahibre Iaib, Wahibre Ibiau1712–1701
32AyaMerneferre Ay1701–1677
33IniMerhotepre1677–1675
34SewadjtuSankhenre1675–1672
35InedMersekhemre1672–1669
36Sewadjkara Hori1669–1664
37Sobekhotep VIIMerkaure Sobekhotep1664–1662
46MerkheperraMerkheperre
47MerkaraMerkare
49Mentuhotep VSewadjare Mentuhotep, Mentuhotep VI
51Ibi
52Hor II
53Se...karaSekare
54Sankhptahi
?SekhaenraYakbim, Yakobmu
?Maara SobekhotepSobekhotep IX
?Senebmiu

Dynasty XIV

#PharaohAlternate namesReign (BC)
1Yakbim1805–1780
2YammuYa’amu, Jamu, Jaam, Nubwoserre Ya’ammu1780–1770
3Qareh1770–1760
4AahotepraAahotepre1760–1745
5SheshiSheshy1745–1705
6NehesiNehesy, Nehsy1705
7KhakheruraKhakherure
8NebfauraNebfaure1704
9SehabraSehabre
10MerdjefaraMerdjefare1694
11Sewadjkara IIISewadjkare III
12NebdjefaraNebdjefare
13WebenraWebenre, Ubenre
15..djefara
16..webenra1690
17AwibraAwibre, Auibra
18HeribraHeribre
19NebsenraNebsenre
22SekheperenraSekheperenre
23DjedkheruraDjedkherewre
24Sankhibra IISeankibre, Sankhibre
25Nefertum..raKanefertemre
26Sekhem..ra
27KakemuraKakemure, Kakemetre
28NeferibraNeferibre
29I..ra
30KhakaraKhakare
31AkaraAkare, Aakare
32HapuSemenenra, Semenenre, Hepu
33AnatiDjedkara
34BabnumBebnem, Bebnum
43Senefer..ra
44Men..ra
45Djed..ra
49Inek..
50A..Ineb...
51Ap..Apophis
?Wazad
?Sheneh

Dynasty XV

#PharaohAlternate namesReign (BC)
1Salitis
2Sakir-HarSakarher, Seker-Her1621–
3KhyanKhian, Khayan1621–1581
4ApepiNebkhepeshre, Aqenenre, Aweserre, Apophis1581–1541
5KhamudyKhamudi1541–1540
?Aperanat
?Semqen
?Apachnas
?Sharek
?BeonBnon

Dynasty XVI

#PharaohAlternate namesReign (BC)
2Djehuty1649–1648
3Sobekhotep VIIISekhemre Seusertawy Sobekhotep1645–1629
4Neferhotep III1629
5MentuhotepiSankhenre Mentuhotepi, Mentuhotep VII1628–1627
6Nebirau INebiryraw I, Sewadjenre1627–1601
7Nebirau IINebiryraw II1601
8Semenenra1601–1600
9BebiankhSewoserenre, Seuserenre1600–1588
10Sekhemra Shedwaset1588
11Dedumose IDjedhotepre
12Dedumose IIDjedneferre
13MentuemsafDjedankhre
14Mentuhotep VIMerankhre
15Senusret IVSeneferibre
?Pepi IIISeneferankhre
?NebmaatraNebmaatre
?Anetjerira
?MeribraMeribre
?NubankhraNubankhre
?Nikara II

Dynasty XVII

#PharaohAlternate namesReign (BC)
1RahotepRehotep1580–1576
2Sobekemsaf I1576–1573
3Sobekemsaf II
4Intef VSekhemra-Wepmaat Intef
5Intef VINubkheperra Intef
6Intef VIISekhemra Heruhirmaat Intef
7SenakhtenraSenakhtenre Tao in older texts1559–1558
8SeqenenraSeqenenre Tao1558–1554
9KamoseKamesiu1555–1550

Abydos Dynasty

#PharaohAlternate namesReign (BC)
1Senebkay
2Wepwawetemsaf
3Pantjeny
4Snaaib