The fifth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty, a.k.a. Hatchepsut
| Precedessor Successor | |
|---|---|
| Reign of Hatshepsut | |
| AE Chronology | 1479–1458 |
| v. Beckerath | 1479–1458 |
| Shaw | 1473–1458 |
| Dodson | 1472–1457 |
| Arnold | 1473–1458 |
| Malek | 1479–1457 |
| Grimal | 1478–1458 |
| Redford | 1502–1482 |
| Manetho (Josephus) | 21y 9m |
| Manetho (Africanus) | 22 years |
| Highest attestation | Year 20 |
When Thutmose II died Thutmose III was too young to rule, queen Hatshepsut became his regent, and ultimately her rise in power was complete when she became pharaoh. She never denied kingship to young Thutmose III, they rather seem to have been on very friendly terms. She was only the second queen to have ruled Egypt with certainty – the first in some 300 years. Josephus mentions that Amessis was a woman, but Manetho via Africanus fail to mention that Amensis was female, and Eusebius omitted this pharaoh entirely.
For unknown reasons, Hatshepsut was erased from official monuments twenty years after her death, during the later part of Tuthmose III's reign. Strangely enough, only the more visible and accessible images of her were erased or defaced. She was not included in the Ramesside king lists of Seti I and Ramesses II.
For unknown reasons, Hatshepsut was erased from official monuments twenty years after her death, during the later part of Tuthmose III's reign. Strangely enough, only the more visible and accessible images of her were erased or defaced. She was not included in the Ramesside king lists of Seti I and Ramesses II.
The Royal Titulary
From the hieroglyphic records
Horus Useret kau The Dual King Maat ka Ra Son of Ra Khnemet Amun Hat shepsut
Horus name
The oldest form of the name of a pharaoh, a falcon representing Horus is perched on the palace facade.
Horus name
Useret kau
wsr.t-kꜢ.w
Mighty of Ka's
wsr-s-t:kA-kA:kA
Karnak Obelisks E and F
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 22-24
Translation: Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, Mighty of Ka's
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 134-135, 5:H
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 22-24
Translation: Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, Mighty of Ka's
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 134-135, 5:H
Nebty names
The “Two Ladies”, the goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet, representing Upper and Lower Egypt respectively.
Nebty name
Wadjet renput
wꜢḏ.t-rnp.wt
Flourishing of years
wAD:t-rnp-rnp-rnp
Karnak Obelisk E
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 22
Translation: Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, Flourishing of years
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 134-135, 5:N
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 22
Translation: Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, Flourishing of years
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 134-135, 5:N
Nebty name variant
Iti tau nebu
iti-tꜢw-nbw
Who has seized all lands
V15-N17:N17:N17:nb-Z3
Karnak fallen Obelisk F
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 24
Translation: Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, Who has seized all lands
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 24
Translation: Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, Who has seized all lands
Golden Horus names
Horus perched on Gold, which was associated with eternity, but its meaning is disputed.
Golden Horus name
Netjeret khau
nṯrt-ḫꜤw
Divine of appearance
nTr-t:xa:Z2
Karnak Obelisk E
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 22
Translation: Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, Divine of appearance
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 134-135, 5:G1
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 22
Translation: Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, Divine of appearance
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 134-135, 5:G1
Golden Horus name variant
Netjeret khau
nṯrt-ḫꜤw
Divine of appearance
nTr-t:r:T-xa:a-w
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 261
Translation: Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, Divine of appearance
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 134-135, 5:G2
Translation: Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, Divine of appearance
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 134-135, 5:G2
Golden Horus name variant
Sankh ibu
s-Ꜥnḫ-ibw
Who has sustained minds
s-anx-ib:ib:ib
Karnak fallen Obelisk F
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 24
Translation: Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, Who has sustained minds
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 24
Translation: Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, Who has sustained minds
Throne names
Announced at the coronation and always written in a cartouche. The “official” name of the pharaoh. Also known as the Prenomen.
Throne name
Maat ka Ra
mꜢꜤt-kꜢ-rꜤ
The true one of the ka of Ra
ra-C10A-kA
Karnak Obelisk E
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 22-23
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 134-135, 5:T1
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 22-23
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 134-135, 5:T1
Throne name variant
Maat ka Ra
mꜢꜤt-kꜢ-rꜤ
The true one of the ka of Ra
ra-H6-kA
Saucer from tomb of Thutmose IV, CG46004
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 381
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 134-135, 5:T2
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 381
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 134-135, 5:T2
Throne name variant
Maat ka Ra
mꜢꜤt-kꜢ-rꜤ
The true one of the ka of Ra
ra-U4:a-t:kA
Astronomical chart in Tomb of Senenmut
Metropolitan Museum of Art, Accession Number: 48.105.52
Metropolitan Museum of Art, Accession Number: 48.105.52
Birth names
Personal name given at birth. Also known as the Nomen.
Birth name
Khnemet Amun Hat shepsut
imn-ẖnmt ḥꜢ.t-šps.wt
United with Amun, foremost of noble ladies
i-mn:n-W9:t-HAt-t&A51-Z3
Karnak Obelisk E
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 22-23
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 134-135, 5:E2
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 22-23
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 134-135, 5:E2
Birth name variant
Khnemet Amun Hat shepsut
imn-ẖnm ḥꜢt-šps.wt
United with Amun, foremost of noble ladies
i-mn:n-W9:HAt-A51
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 397
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 134-135, 5:E3
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 134-135, 5:E3
Birth name variant
Hat shepsut
ḥꜢ.t-šps.wt
Foremost of noble ladies
HAt:t-A51-t:Z2
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums , IV, 398
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 134-135, 5:E1
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 134-135, 5:E1
The sources of antiquity
From the writings of the historians and scholars of antiquity
| Author | Greek | Transcription | Reign |
|---|---|---|---|
| Africanus xviii, 4 | Αμενσις | Amensis | 22 years |
| Josephus 95 | Aμεσσης | Amesses ♀ | 21 years, 9 months |
Bibliography
- Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 18 (1912): 236–252
- Beckerath, J., 1999. “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, Second edition, MÄS 49: 134–135
- Leprohon, R. J., 2013. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary. Atlanta: 98
- Baker. D. D., 2008. The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I. London: 104–110
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