Amenemhat I

Also known as: Amenemhet I

Dynasty XII

Amenemhat I was not of royal birth, and somehow managed to capture the throne. It is possible that he was Menthuhotep IV's vizier named Amenemhat, who led an expedition to Wadi Hammamat. The king died, it is unknown if by Amenemhat's hand or by some accident. Either way, he founded the great Twelfth dynasty.

Amenemhat I moved the capital from Thebes to the lost city of Itjtawy, thought to be located close to the pyramids of Amenemhat I and his son Senusret I.

Reign of Amenemhat I
AE Chronology	1939–1910
von Beckerath	1976–1947
Shaw	1985–1965
Dodson	1994–1964
Malek	1980–1951
Arnold	1991–1962
Grimal	1991–1962
Franke	1938–1909
Redford	1991–1962
Manetho (Eusebius)	16 years

The Royal Titulary

From the hieroglyphic records

Horus name
Sehotep ib tawy s-ḥtp-ib-tꜢwi The one who has appeased the heart of the Two Lands s-Htp:ib:N17:N17
Early reign ZÄS , 92, plate 3 Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 82-83, 1:H1

Variants

Variant
Wehem mesut wḥm-mswt The one who has repeated births wHm-ms:t-w
Naville, Bubastis, plate XXXIII A Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), II, 124 a27 Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 82-83, 1:H2

Nebty name
Sehotep ib tawy s-ḥtp-ib-tꜢwi The one who has appeased the heart of the Two Lands s-Htp:ib:N17:N17
Early reign ZÄS , 92, plate 3 Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 82-83, 1: N1

Variants

Variant
Wehem mesut wḥm-mswt The one who has repeated births wHm-ms-w&t
Petrie Museum, UC14785 Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 82-83, 1:N2

Golden Horus name
Bik nebu sema bik-nbw-zmꜢ The uniter F36*G5:nbw
Early reign ZÄS , 92, plate 3 Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 82-83, 1:G1

Variants

Variant
Bik nebu mes bik-nbw-ms ms*G5:nbw
Benihassan Tomb 2, Large Incription A Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), II, 124a Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 82-83, 1:G2

Throne name
Sehotep ib Ra s-ḥtp-ib-rꜤ The one who the heart of Ra ra-s-Htp:ib
Benihassan Tomb 2 Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), II, 124 a28 Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 82-83, 1:T1

Variants

Variant
Sehotep ib Ra s-ḥtp-ib-rꜤ The one who the heart of Ra ra-s-Htp:t*p-ib
Abydos king list 59 Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 82-83, 1:T2

Variant
Sehotep ib Ra s-ḥtp-ib-rꜤ The one who the heart of Ra ra-s-Htp:t-p-ib-Z1
Saqqara king list 15 Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, III, 481 (15)

Variant
..pib(ra) //-p-ib ..p-ib-1
Royal Canon of Turin 6/20 Gardiner, The Royal Canon of Turin (1959), V:20

Birth name
Amenemhat imn-m-ḥꜢt Amun is in the front i-mn:n-m-HAt
Early reign ZÄS , 92, plate 3 Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 82-83, 1:E1

Variants

Variant
Amenemhat imn-m-ḥꜢt Amun is in the front i-mn:n-m-HAt:t
Benihassan Tomb 2, Large Incription A Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), II, 124 b29 Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 82-83, 1:E2

Variant
Amenemhat imn-m-ḥꜢt Amun is in the front i-mn:n-m-HAt:a
Mariette, Karnak, plate 8d+e Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 82-83, 1:E3

The sources of antiquity

From the writings of the historians and scholars of antiquity

Author	Greek	Transliteration	Transcription	Reign
Africanus _{xi, 1}	Aμμενεμης	Ammenemes	Ammenemes
Eusebius _xi	Aμμενεμης	Ammenemes	Ammenemes	16 years
Eratosthenes ₃₂	Σταμμενεμης α	Stammenemes I	Stammenemes I	26 years

Bibliography

Beckerath, J. Handbuch der Ägyptischen Königsnamen, MÄS 49 (1999): 82–83
Baker. D. D. The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I – Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC (London, 2008), 19–23
Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 17 (1907): 253–265
Leprohon, R. J. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary (Atlanta, 2013), 57–58

Mentuhotep IV Dynasty XII Senusret I

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