Amenemhat I was not of royal birth, and somehow managed to capture the throne. It is possible that he was Menthuhotep IV's vizier named Amenemhat, who led an expedition to Wadi Hammamat. The king died, it is unknown if by Amenemhat's hand or by some accident. Either way, he founded the great Twelfth dynasty.
Amenemhat I moved the capital from Thebes to the lost city of Itjtawy, thought to be located close to the pyramids of Amenemhat I and his son Senusret I.
| Precedessor Successor | |
|---|---|
| Reign of Amenemhat I | |
| AE Chronology | 1939–1910 |
| v. Beckerath | 1976–1947 |
| Shaw | 1985–1956 |
| Dodson | 1994–1964 |
| Arnold | 1991–1962 |
| Malek | 1980–1951 |
| Grimal | 1991–1962 |
| Franke | 1938–1909 |
| Redford | 1991–1962 |
| Manetho (Eusebius) | 16 years |
The Royal Titulary
From the hieroglyphic records
Horus Wehem mesut The Dual King Sehotep ib Ra Son of Ra Amenemhat
Horus names
The oldest form of the name of a pharaoh, a falcon representing Horus is perched on the palace facade.
ZÄS , 92, plate 3
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 82-83, 1:H1
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, II, 124 a27
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 82-83, 1:H2
Nebty names
The “Two Ladies”, the goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet, representing Upper and Lower Egypt respectively.
ZÄS , 92, plate 3
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 82-83, 1: N1
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 82-83, 1:N2
Golden Horus names
Horus perched on Gold, which was associated with eternity, but its meaning is disputed.
ZÄS , 92, plate 3
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 82-83, 1:G1
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, II, 124a
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 82-83, 1:G2
Throne names
Announced at the coronation and always written in a cartouche. The “official” name of the pharaoh. Also known as the Prenomen.
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, II, 124 a28
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 82-83, 1:T1
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 82-83, 1:T2
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions , III, 481 (15)
Gardiner, The Royal Canon of Turin (1959) V:20
Birth names
Personal name given at birth. Also known as the Nomen.
ZÄS , 92, plate 3
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 82-83, 1:E1
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, II, 124 b29
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 82-83, 1:E2
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 82-83, 1:E3
The sources of antiquity
From the writings of the historians and scholars of antiquity
| Author | Greek | Transcription | Reign |
|---|---|---|---|
| Africanus xi, 1 | Aμμενεμης | Ammenemes | 16 years |
| Eusebius xi | Aμμενεμης | Ammenemes | 16 years |
| Eratosthenes 32 | Σταμμενεμης α | Stammenemes I | 26 |
Bibliography
- Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 17 (1907): 253–265
- Beckerath, J., 1999. “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, Second edition, MÄS 49: 82–83
- Leprohon, R. J., 2013. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary. Atlanta: 57–58
- Baker. D. D., 2008. The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I. London: 19–23
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