Hatshepsut
Also known as: Hatchepsut |
Dynasty XVIII |
When Thutmose II died Thutmose III was too young to rule, so Hatshepsut became his regent, and ultimately her rise in power was complete when she became pharaoh. She never denied kingship to young Thutmose III, they rather seem to have been on very friendly terms. She was only the second queen to have ruled Egypt with certainty – the first in some 300 years. Josephus mentions that Amessis was a woman, but Africanus fail to mention that Amensis was female.
For unknown reasons, Hatshepsut was erased from official monuments twenty years after her death, during the later part of Tuthmose III's reign. Strangely enough, only the more visible and accessible images of her were erased or defaced. She was not included in the Ramesside king lists of Seti I and Ramesses II.
Reign of Hatshepsut |
AE Chronology | 1479–1458 |
von Beckerath | 1479–1458 |
Shaw | 1473–1458 |
Dodson | 1472–1457 |
Malek | 1479–1457 |
Arnold | 1473–1458 |
Grimal | 1478–1458 |
Redford | 1502–1482 |
Manetho (Josephus) | 21y 9m |
Manetho (Africanus) | 22 years |
Highest attestation | Year 20 |
The Royal Titulary
From the hieroglyphic records
Horus name
Useret kau
wsr.t-kꜢ.w
Mighty of Ka's
wsr-s-t:kA-kA:kA
Karnak Obelisks E and F
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), III, 22-24
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 134-135, 5:H
Nebty name
Wadjet renput
wꜢḏ.t-rnp.wt
Flourishing of years
wAD:t-rnp-rnp-rnp
Karnak Obelisk E
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), III, 22
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 134-135, 5:N
Nebty name variant
Iti tau nebu
iti-tꜢw-nbw
Who has seized all lands
V15-N17:N17:N17:nb-Z3
Karnak fallen Obelisk F
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), III, 24
Golden Horus name
Netjeret khau
nṯrt-ḫꜤw
Divine of appearance
nTr-t:xa:Z2
Karnak Obelisk E
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), III, 22
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 134-135, 5:G1
Golden Horus name variant
Netjeret khau
nṯrt-ḫꜤw
Divine of appearance
nTr-t:r:T-xa:a-w
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums, IV, 261
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 134-135, 5:G2
Golden Horus name variant
Sankh ibu
s-Ꜥnḫ-ibw
Who has sustained minds
s-anx-ib:ib:ib
Karnak fallen Obelisk F
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), III, 24
Throne name
Maat ka Ra
mꜢꜤt-kꜢ-rꜤ
The true one of the ka of Ra
ra-C10A-kA
Karnak Obelisk E
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), III, 22-23
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 134-135, 5:T1
Throne name variant
Maat ka Ra
mꜢꜤt-kꜢ-rꜤ
The true one of the ka of Ra
ra-H6-kA
Saucer from tomb of Thutmose IV, CG46004
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums, IV, 381
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 134-135, 5:T2
Throne name variant
Maat ka Ra
mꜢꜤt-kꜢ-rꜤ
The true one of the ka of Ra
ra-U4:a-t:kA
Astronomical chart in Tomb of Senenmut
Metropolitan Museum of Art, Accession Number: 48.105.52
Birth name
Khnemet Amun Hat shepsut
imn-ẖnmt ḥꜢ.t-šps.wt
United with Amun, foremost of noble ladies
i-mn:n-W9:t-HAt-t&A51-Z3
Karnak Obelisk E
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), III, 22-23
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 134-135, 5:E2
Birth name variant
Khnemet Amun Hat shepsut
imn-ẖnm ḥꜢt-šps.wt
United with Amun, foremost of noble ladies
i-mn:n-W9:HAt-A51
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums, IV, 397
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 134-135, 5:E3
Birth name variant
Hat shepsut
ḥꜢ.t-šps.wt
Foremost of noble ladies
HAt:t-A51-t:Z2
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums, IV, 398
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 134-135, 5:E1
The complete titulary
Sources containing all five names of the royal titulary
Karnak obelisk E, north & west faces
Champollion, Monuments, IV, 314; Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 22; Porter & Moss, Topographical Bibliography, II, 81–82; Rosellini, Monumenti, IV, 38–39Karnak obelisk E, south base inscription
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 24d; Porter & Moss, Topographical Bibliography, II, 81–82Dedication stela of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III
Vatican stela 130, cat. 22780; Sethe, Urkunden der 18. Dynastie, IV, 311; Champollion, Notices, II, 700-701; Porter & Moss, Topographical Bibliography, II, 535
The sources of antiquity
From the writings of the historians and scholars of antiquity
Author | Greek | Transliteration | Transcription | Reign |
Africanus xviii, 4 |
Αμενσις |
Amensis |
Amensis |
22 years |
Josephus 95 |
Aμεσσης |
Amesses ♀ |
Amesses ♀ |
21 years, 9 months |
Bibliography
Beckerath, J. Handbuch der Ägyptischen Königsnamen, MÄS 49 (1999): 134–135
Baker. D. D. The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I – Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC (London, 2008), 104–110
Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 18 (1912): 236–252
Leprohon, R. J. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary (Atlanta, 2013), 98