Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt

After the breakdown of the Second Dynasty, Egypt left the Archaic Period behind and entered the Old Kingdom and the Age of the Pyramid Builders. The revolutionary change in architecture was accompanied by a number of effects on Egyptian society and the economy, particularly in relation to large-scale building projects.

The revolutionary change in architecture, accompanied by the effects on Egyptian society and the economy of large-scale building projects, is regarded as a pivotal period in the history of architecture. However, information from the Fourth to the Sixth Dynasties of Egypt is scarce, and historians have therefore focused on the Third and Fourth Dynasties. Indeed, it is through the monuments and their inscriptions that scholars have been able to construct a history of this period, which is commonly regarded as the period from the Third to Sixth Dynasty. The period is regarded as a time of stability, which was followed by a period of disunity and relative cultural decline, known as the First Intermediate Period.

The order of Egyptian pharaohs is not always fixed. New discoveries can sometimes lead to changes in the accepted sequence. This is true for all Egyptian dynasties.

Dynasty III

#	Pharaoh	Alternate names	Reign (BC)
1	Nebka	Hen Nekht (not in use anymore)
2	Djoser	Zezer, Zozer, Djeser	2592–2566
3	Sekhemkhet	Djosertety, Djoserteti, Djoserty	2565–2559
4	Hudjefa II
5	Mesochris
6	Nebkara	Nebkare
7	Neferkara	Neferkare
8	Huni		?–2544

Dynasty IV

#	Pharaoh	Alternate names	Reign (BC)
1	Sneferu	Snefru, Snofru	2543–2510
2	Khufu	Cheops	2509–2483
3	Radjedef	Djedefra, Djedefre	2482–2475
4	Khafra	Khafre, Chephren, Khefren	2472–2448
5	Menkaura	Menkaure, Mykerinos, Mycerinus	2447–2442
6	Shepseskaf		2441–2436
7	Baufra	Baefra, Baufre, Baka, Bicheris, Bikka	2474–2473
8	Thamphthis	Djedefptah, Ptahdjedef
9	Hordjedef	Djedefhor

Dynasty V

#	Pharaoh	Alternate names	Reign (BC)
1	Userkaf		2435–2429
2	Sahura	Sahure	2428–2416
3	Neferirkara I Kakai	Nerferirkare I	2415–2405
4	Shepseskara Netjeruser	Shepseskare
5	Neferefra Isi	Neferefre, Raneferef	2403
6	Niuserra Ini	Niuserre	2402–2374
7	Menkauhor Kaiu	Horikau, Ikauhor	2373–2366
8	Djedkara Isesi	Djedkare Isesi	2365–2322
9	Unas	Wenis, Unis	2321–2306

Dynasty VI

#	Pharaoh	Alternate names	Reign (BC)
1	Teti		2305–2279
2	Userkara	Userkare, Woserkare
3	Pepi I	Pepy I	2276–2228
4	Nemtiemsaf I	Nemtyemsaf I, Merenre I	2227–2217
5	Pepi II	Pepy II, Neferkare	2216–2153
6	Nemtiemsaf II	Nemtyemsaf II, Merenre II	2152