Nectanebo II in hieroglyphs

The third pharaoh of the Thirtieth Dynasty, a.k.a. Nectanebos

Precedessor
Djedhor Teos I

Successor
Artaxerxes III
Reign of Nectanebo II
AE Chronology360–343
von Beckerath360–342
Shaw360–343
Dodson360–342
Redford360–343
Manetho (Africanus)18 years
Manetho (Eusebius)8 years

The Royal Titulary

From the hieroglyphic records

The Dual King
The Son of Ra

Horus Mery tawy  The Dual King Senedjem ib Ra, setep en Amun  Son of Ra Nakht Hor Hebit

Horus names

Horus name

The oldest form of the name of a pharaoh, a falcon representing Horus is perched on the palace facade.

Horus name
Horus name
Mery tawy
mrꞽ-tꜢwꞽ
Beloved of the Two Lands
Quibell, Excavations at Saqqara 1907-1908, III, pl. 52
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 287d
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 228-229, 3:H1
Horus name variant
Horus name
Mery tawy mek Kemet
mrꞽ-tꜢwꞽ mk-kmt
Beloved of the Two Lands and guardian of Egypt
Offering table from Abu Roash (Cairo Museum CG 23115, JE 30581)
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 228-229, 3:H3
Horus name variant
Horus name
Mery tawy mek Kemet
mrꞽ-tꜢwꞽ mk-kmt
Beloved of the Two Lands and guardian of Egypt
Lefebvre, Égypte gréco-romaine, IV, ASAE 13 (1914): 222
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 228-229, 3:H4

Nebty names

Nebty name

The “Two Ladies”, the goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet, representing Upper and Lower Egypt respectively.

Nebty name
Nebty name
Seheru ib netjeru
shrw-ꞽb-nṯrw
The one who has pleased the heart of Gods
Quibell, Excavations at Saqqara 1907-1908, III, pl. 52
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 228-229, 3:N1
Nebty name variant
Nebty name
Seheru ib netjeru
shrw-ꞽb-nṯrw
The one who has pleased the Gods' heart
Naville, The Mound of the Jew (1890), plate 2a
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 228-229, 3:N2
Nebty name variant
Nebty name
Seher ib netjeru teken khasut
shrw-ꞽb-nṯrw tkn-ḫꜢswt
The one who has pleased the gods' minds by attacking the foreign lands
Offering table from Abu Roash (Cairo Museum CG 23115, JE 30581)
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 228-229, 3:N3

Golden Horus names

Golden Horus name

Horus perched on Gold, which was associated with eternity, but its meaning is disputed.

Golden Horus name
Nebty name
Semen hepu
smn-hpw
The creator of laws
Quibell, Excavations at Saqqara 1907-1908, III, pl. 52
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 228-229, 3:G1
Golden Horus name variant
Nebty name
Semen hepu
smn-hpw
The creator of laws
Davies, The Temple of Hibis, III, plate 68
Golden Horus name variant
Nebty name
Semen hepu hui pedjut 9
smn-hpw ḥrꞽ-pḏt-9
The establisher of laws, who has struck down the Nine Bows
Offering table from Abu Roash (Cairo Museum CG 23115, JE 30581)
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 228-229, 3:G2

Throne names

Prenomen or throne name

Announced at the coronation and always written in a cartouche. The “official” name of the pharaoh. Also known as the Prenomen.

Throne name
Senedjem ib Ra, <i>setep en Amun</i>
Senedjem ib Ra, setep en Amun
snḏm-ꞽb-rꜤ stp.n-ꞽmn
Pleasing to the Heart is Ra, chosen of Amun
Lefebvre, Égypte gréco-romaine, IV, ASAE 13 (1914): 222
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 228-229, 3:T1
Throne name variant
Senedjem ib Ra, <i>setep en Hathor</i>
Senedjem ib Ra, setep en Hathor
snḏm-ib-rꜤ stp.n-ḥtḥr
Pleasing to the Heart is Ra, chosen of Hathor
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 287b
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 228-229, 3:T2

Birth names

Nomen or birth name

Personal name given at birth. Also known as the Nomen.

Birth name
Nakht Hor Hebit
Nakht Hor Hebit
nḫt-ḥr-ḥbyt
The strong one of Horus of Hebit
Daressy, Notes et remarques, RecTrav 16 (1894): 126
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 228-229, 3:E1
Birth name variant
Nakht Hor Hebit, <i>mery Inher</i>
Nakht Hor Hebit, mery Inher
nḫt-ḥr-ḥbyt mrꞽ-ꞽnḥr
The strong one of Horus of Hebit, beloved of Anhur
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, IV, 43a (column 3)
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 228-229, 3:E2
Birth name variant
Nakht Hor Hebit <i>mery en Hor, si Hathor</i>
Nakht Hor Hebit mery en Hor, si Hathor
nḫt-ḥr-ḥbyt mrꞽ-ꞽnḥr zꜢ-ḥtḥr
The strong one of Horus of Hebit, beloved by Horus, son of Hathor
Lefebvre, Égypte gréco-romaine, IV, ASAE 13 (1914): 222
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 228-229, 3:E4
Birth name variant
Nakht Hor Hebit <i>sa mery Hathor</i>
Nakht Hor Hebit sa mery Hathor
nḫt-ḥr-ḥbyt zꜢ-mrꞽ-ḥtḥr
The strong one of Horus of Hebit, beloved son of Hathor
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 287b
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 228-229, 3:E5
Birth name variant
Nakht Hor Hebit, <i>mery Inher, si Bastet</i>
Nakht Hor Hebit, mery Inher, si Bastet
nḫt-ḥr-ḥbyt mrꞽ-ꞽnḥr zꜢ-bꜢstt
The strong one of Horus of Hebit, beloved of Anhur, son of Bastet
Naville, Bubastis (1891), pl. 47H
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 228-229, 3:E7

The sources of antiquity

From the writings of the historians and scholars of antiquity

AuthorGreekTranscriptionReign
Africanus xxx, 3 Νεκτανεβος Nectanebus 18 years
Eusebius xxx, 3 Νεκτανεβος Nektanebus 8 years

Bibliography

  • Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 20 (1915): 171–181
  • Beckerath, J., 1999. “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, Second edition, MÄS 49: 228–229
  • Leprohon, R. J., 2013. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary. Atlanta: 172–173
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