Nectanebo II
| Dynasty XXX |
| Reign of Nectanebo II | |
|---|---|
| AE Chronology | 360–343 |
| von Beckerath | 360–342 |
| Shaw | 360–343 |
| Dodson | 360–342 |
| Redford | 360–343 |
| Manetho (Africanus) | 18 years |
| Manetho (Eusebius) | 8 years |
The Royal Titulary
From the hieroglyphic records
Horus name
Mery tawy
mri-tꜢwi
Beloved of the Two Lands
mr:N17:N17
Quibell, Excavations at Saqqara 1907-1908, III, pl. 52
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), III, 287d
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 228-229, 3:H1
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), III, 287d
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 228-229, 3:H1
Horus name variant
Mery tawy mek Kemet
mri-tꜢwi mk-kmt
Beloved of the Two Lands
and guardian of Egypt
U7:N17:N17-G20-k:km:t*O49
Offering table from Abu Roash (Cairo Museum CG 23115, JE 30581)
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 228-229, 3:H3
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 228-229, 3:H3
Horus name variant
Mery tawy mek Kemet
mri-tꜢwi mk-kmt
Beloved of the Two Lands
and guardian of Egypt
-N36:N17:N17-Aa15:a:k-km:O49
Lefebvre, Égypte gréco-romaine, IV, ASAE 13 (1914): 222
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 228-229, 3:H4
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 228-229, 3:H4
Nebty name
Seheru ib netjeru
shrw-ib-nṯrw
The one who has pleased the heart of Gods
s-h:r-ib:1-nTrw
Quibell, Excavations at Saqqara 1907-1908, III, pl. 52
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 228-229, 3:N1
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 228-229, 3:N1
Nebty name variant
Seheru ib netjeru
shrw-ib-nṯrw
The one who
has pleased the Gods' heart
z:h:r-ib:1-nTrw
Naville, The Mound of the Jew (1890), plate 2a
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 228-229, 3:N2
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 228-229, 3:N2
Nebty name variant
Seher ib netjeru teken khasut
shrw-ib-nṯrw tkn-ḫꜢswt
The one who
has pleased the gods' minds by attacking the foreign lands
s-h:r-ib:1-R8-Z3-t:k:n-D54-N25:t:Z2
Offering table from Abu Roash (Cairo Museum CG 23115, JE 30581)
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 228-229, 3:N3
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 228-229, 3:N3
Golden Horus name
Semen hepu
smn-hpw
The creator of laws
s-mn:n-U32-h:p-w-Y1v-Z3
Quibell, Excavations at Saqqara 1907-1908, III, pl. 52
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 228-229, 3:G1
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 228-229, 3:G1
Golden Horus name variant
Semen hepu
smn-hpw
The creator of laws
z:mn:n-h:p*W
Davies, The Temple of Hibis, III, plate 68
Golden Horus name variant
Semen hepu hui pedjut 9
smn-hpw ḥri-pḏt-9
The establisher of laws, who has struck down the Nine Bows
s-mn:n-h*p:Y1:Z2-H-A24-pD:Z2-Z2:Z2
Offering table from Abu Roash (Cairo Museum CG 23115, JE 30581)
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 228-229, 3:G2
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 228-229, 3:G2
Throne name
Senedjem ib Ra, setep en Amun
snḏm-ib-rꜤ stp.n-imn
Pleasing to the Heart is Ra, chosen of Amun
C2-C12-s-H-ib:Z1-stp:n-jmn
Lefebvre, Égypte gréco-romaine, IV, ASAE 13 (1914): 222
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 228-229, 3:T1
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 228-229, 3:T1
Throne name variant
Senedjem ib Ra, setep en Hathor
snḏm-ib-rꜤ stp.n-ḥtḥr
Pleasing to the Heart is Ra, chosen of Hathor
C2A\-C9-s-nDm-ib:Z1-stp:n
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), III, 287b
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 228-229, 3:T2
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 228-229, 3:T2
Birth name
Nakht Hor Hebit
nḫt-ḥr-ḥbyt
The strong one of Horus of Hebit
D40-G5&O49-W4
Daressy, Notes et remarques, RecTrav 16 (1894): 126
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 228-229, 3:E1
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 228-229, 3:E1
Birth name variant
Nakht Hor Hebit, mery Inher
nḫt-ḥr-ḥbyt mri-inḥr
The strong one of Horus of Hebit, beloved of Anhur
G5&1-n:D40-W4A-C95-N36
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), IV, 43a (column 3)
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 228-229, 3:E2
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 228-229, 3:E2
Birth name variant
Nakht Hor Hebit mery en Hor, si Hathor
nḫt-ḥr-ḥbyt mri-inḥr zꜢ-ḥtḥr
The strong one of Horus of Hebit, beloved by Horus, son of Hathor
C9\-C95A-H8:N36:D40-G5&W4-t:O49
Lefebvre, Égypte gréco-romaine, IV, ASAE 13 (1914): 222
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 228-229, 3:E4
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 228-229, 3:E4
Birth name variant
Nakht Hor Hebit sa mery Hathor
nḫt-ḥr-ḥbyt zꜢ-mri-ḥtḥr
The strong one of Horus of Hebit, beloved son of Hathor
H8-C9-mr-D40-G5&W4-t:O49
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), III, 287b
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 228-229, 3:E5
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 228-229, 3:E5
Birth name variant
Nakht Hor Hebit, mery Inher, si Bastet
nḫt-ḥr-ḥbyt mri-inḥr zꜢ-bꜢstt
The strong one of Horus of Hebit, beloved of Anhur, son of Bastet
C164\-H8-C95A-N36:D40-G5&W4
Naville, Bubastis (1891), pl. 47H
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 228-229, 3:E7
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 228-229, 3:E7
The sources of antiquity
From the writings of the historians and scholars of antiquity
| Author | Greek | Transliteration | Transcription | Reign |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africanus xxx, 3 | Νεκτανεβος | Nektanebos | Nectanebus | 18 years |
| Eusebius xxx, 3 | Νεκτανεβος | Nektanebos | Nektanebus | 8 years |
Bibliography
Beckerath, J. Handbuch der Ägyptischen Königsnamen, MÄS 49 (1999): 228–229
Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 20 (1915): 171–181
Leprohon, R. J. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary (Atlanta, 2013), 172–173
The Royal titulary
The full titulary was announced at the coronation, when a pharaoh officially became king.
Horus name
The oldest form of a pharaoh's name, often enclosed in a serekh, a sort of "heraldic crest" representing a palace facade.
Nebty name
The "Two Ladies", the heraldic goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet, representing Upper and Lower Egypt respectively.
Golden Horus name
Gold was strongly associated with eternity, but the meaning of this title is disputed.
Throne name
(prenomen) Announced at the coronation, and written in a cartouche.
Personal name
(nomen) The name given at birth, also written in a cartouche.
Kinglists
- Turin king list
223 kings – Dynasty 19 - Abydos Canon
76 kings – Dynasty 19 - Saqqara Canon
58 kings – Dynasty 19 - Karnak Canon
61 kings – Dynasty 18 - Comparing the canons
Abydos, Saqqara and Karnak - Ramesseum Canon
Ramesses II Mortuary Temple - Medinet Habu Canon
Ramesses III Mortuary Temple
Ancient historians
- Herodotus
450 BC – Histories - Manetho
250 BC – Aegyptiaca - Diodorus
50 BC – Bibliotheca Historica - Josephus
100 CE – Against Apion - Africanus
220 CE – Chronographai - Eusebius
325 CE – Chronicon - Jerome
380 CE – Chronicon - Syncellus
800 CE – Egloga Chronographai - Eratosthenes
Probably a forgery (date unknown) - Comparing the sources
Transmission of Manetho
by Africanus et. al.
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