The Middle Kingdom is noted for the expansion of trade outside of the kingdom that occurred during this time. This opening of trade eventually led to the downfall of the Middle Kingdom, induced by an invasion from the Hyksos.
| # | Pharaoh | Alternate names | Reign (BCE) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mentuhotep I | Mentuhotep-aa | |
| 2 | Intef I | Antef I, Anjotef I, Inyotef I | |
| 3 | Intef II | Antef II, Anjotef II, Inyotef II | 2066–2017 |
| 4 | Intef III | Antef III, Anjotef III, Inyotef III | 2016–2009 |
| 5 | Mentuhotep II | Montuhotep II | 2009–1959 |
| 6 | Mentuhotep III | Montuhotep III | 1958–1947 |
| 7 | Mentuhotep IV | Montuhotep IV | 1947–1940 |
| # | Pharaoh | Alternate names | Reign (BCE) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Amenemhat I | Amenemhet I | 1939–1910 |
| 2 | Senusret I | Senusret I, Senwosret I | 1920–1875 |
| 3 | Amenemhat II | Amenemhet II | 1878–1843 |
| 4 | Senusret II | Senusret II, Senwosret II | 1845–1837 |
| 5 | Senusret III | Senusret III, Senwosret III, Sesostris | 1837–1819 |
| 6 | Amenemhat III | Amenemhet III | 1818–1773 |
| 7 | Amenemhat IV | Amenemhet IV | 1772–1764 |
| 8 | Neferusobek | Sobekneferu | 1763–1760 |