Ramesses III in hieroglyphs

The Royal Titulary

From the hieroglyphic records

Horus Ka nakht aa nesyt  The Dual King User Maat Ra, mery Amun  Son of Ra Ramessu heqa Iunu

Horus names

The oldest form of the name of a pharaoh, a falcon representing Horus is perched on the palace facade.

Horus name

Ka nakht aa nesyt

kꜢ-nḫt ꜤꜢ-nsyt

The great bull, great of kingship

E1:D40-aA-sw-i-i-t:Z2

Passim
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 2:H1

Horus name variant A

Ka nakht mai pehty nakht a neb khepesh haq setetiu

kꜢ-nḫt mꜢi-pḥti nḫt-Ꜥ nb-ḫpš ẖꜢḳ-sṯtiw

The strong bull and powerful lion, strong-armed, the Lord of strength who has captured the Asiatics

E1:D40-1:l-F9:F9-t*y:D40-n:xt:x*t-D40:Z1:a-nb:F24:D40-M16-q:Z9-D40-S22:t*t-T14-A1*A40-Z2:N25

The Epigraphic Survey, Medinet Habu, I, plate 46 (1)
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 2:H2

Horus name variant B

Ka nakht menekh menu, sehotep neb-er-djer em nayef akhut

kꜢ-nḫt mnḫ-mnw sḥtp-mb-r-ḏr-m-nꜢ(y).f-Ꜣḫwt

The strong bull, splendid of monuments, who has satisfied the Lord of All with his benefactions

E1:D40-mn:n:x-mnx-Y1v-mn:n:nw*nw*nw-A53-Z3-s-Htp:t*p-nb:r-M36:r-A40-m-n:Ai*i:Z2:f-Aa1&Ax&t:Z2

The Epigraphic Survey, Medinet Habu, VI, plate 391 (b)
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 2:H3

Horus name variant C

Ka nakht sewesekh Kemet, user khepesh, nakht a sema tjehenu

kꜢ-nḫt swsḫ-kmt wsr-ḫpš nḫt-Ꜥ smꜢ-ṯḥnw

The strong bull who has enlarged Egypt, the one powerful of sword and strong of arm who has slaughtered the Libyans

E1:D40-s-w-z:x-D56-D54-I6:t*O49-wsr-T16A\-2-n:xt:x*t-D40:1:a-z:G3-Aa15:T30-D40:T-H-n:nw*W-T14*A1:3

The Epigraphic Survey, Medinet Habu, I, plate 27 (1)
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions , V, 20:14
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 2:H4

Horus name variant D

Ka nakht-a dem henuty, men ib wer pehty her bawy en qenu

kꜢ-nḫt-Ꜥ dm-ḥnwti mn-ib wr-pḥti-ḥr-bꜢwi-n-ḳn

The strong-armed bull who has sharpened (his) two horns, decisive and great of strength on the battlefield of bravery

E1-n:M3:x*t-D40:Z1:a-d:Aa15:T30-H-U8:n:W*2-F16:F16-mn:U32*Y1v*(ib:1)-wr:r-F9:t:Z4-D40:D2*Z1-E10&1-W:Z4:N21*1-N-q:n:D40

The Epigraphic Survey, Medinet Habu, VI, plate 392 (c)
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 2:H5

Horus name variant E

Ka pehty, sekhem khepesh, nakht-a, neb neru em tau khasut Fenkhu Temehu

kꜤ-pḥti sḫm-hpš nḫt-Ꜥ nb-nrw-m-tꜢw-ḫꜢswt-fnḫw-ṯmḥw

The powerful bull, potent of sword, strong-armed, lord of dread in the lowlands and the highlands of the Fenkhu-Asiatics and the Temehu-Libyans

E1-F9*F9:t*Z4:D40-sxm-M:D40-xpS:n:M3:x*t-D40:Z1:a-nb:n:r-i-nr:D40-M:N17:N17:N17-N25:t*Z2-f:x:V12:D40-ti-m-H-T14-A1

The Epigraphic Survey, Medinet Habu, II, plate 79 (1)
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions , V, 49:14
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 2:H6

Horus name variant F

Sekhem pehty, hed hefnu, dekh na pehu su, demedj (kher) tjebwyef

sḫm-pḥti hd-ḥfnw dḫ-nꜢ-pḥw-sw-dmḏ-(ẖr)-ṯbwi.f

Powerful of strength, who has attacked hundreds of thousands, overthrown those who have attacked him, and gathered (them) (under) his sandals

sxm-Aa15:D40-F9-t:y-D40:O4A:d-a:D40-I8*I8*I8:Z2-d:x-A15:D40:n-G4&F22-D54:z-S23:d-S33*S33:f

The Epigraphic Survey, Medinet Habu, I, plate 33 (10)
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions , V, 30:14
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 2:H7

Horus name variant G

Asha menu

ꜤšꜢ-mnw

With many monuments

I1:t:Z2-mn:n:nw*nw*nw

The Epigraphic Survey, Medinet Habu, VI, plate 393 (g)
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 2:H8

Horus name variant H

Neb habu-sed mi Tatenen

nb-ḥꜢbu-sd-mi-tꜢṯnn

Possessor of Sed festivals like Tatenen

nb:O23F-Z3-mi-C18C

The Epigraphic Survey, The Excavation of Medinet Habu, III (OIP 54), plate 35 B
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 2:H9

Horus name variant I

An her serekh mi sa Aset

Ꜥn-ḥr-srḫ-mi-zꜢ-Ꜣst

Beautiful on the throne like the son of Isis

a:n:D6-D2:Z1-s-r:x:O33-mi-H8:Z1-st-t:H8

The Epigraphic Survey, The Excavation of Medinet Habu, III (OIP 54), plate 35 C
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 2:H11

Horus name variant J

Bity wer menu, wer biaut, meh Ipet-sut her renef

biti-wr-mnw wr-biꜢwt mḥ-iptswt-hr-rn.f

The reigning king, great of monuments and wonders, who has filled Karnak with his renown

S3-i-A20-mn:n:nw*nw*nw-wr:r-U16:t*Z2-V22:Y1-i-p:t-st-3:O49-Aa15:mn:nw*nw*nw-D2:Z1-r:n:V10:f

The Epigraphic Survey, Medinet Habu, III, plate 32 A
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 2:H14

Horus name variant K

Saa khau mi akhty webenef, ankh Rekhyet

sꜤꜢ-ḫꜤw-mi-Ꜣḫti wbn.f-Ꜥnḫ-rḫyt

Who has magnified his appearances like the One of the Two Horizons when he rises, the life of the Rekhyet people

z:aA:a:Y1-xa:3-mi-N27:t-y:pr-W*b:n-N8:f-anx:t-G24A:3

The Epigraphic Survey, Medinet Habu, III, plate 32 A
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 166-167, 2:H15

Horus name variant L

An en nesu mi Itemu, mer tuef abtuef mi hem en Ra

Ꜥn-m-nsw-mi-itm mri.tw.f-Ꜣb.tw.f-mi-ḥm-n-rꜤ

Beautiful as king like Atum, he is loved and wished for like the majesty of Ra

a:n:D6-m-sw-t-A42B-mi-A304G-U7\:r:W*t-A2-t&w:f-R15-b-W-A53-t&w:f-mi-i-U36-Z1-A42-S3-ra:Z1-A40

The Epigraphic Survey, Reliefs and Inscriptions at Karnak, II, plate 122 (a)
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 166-167, 2:H17

Nebty names

The “Two Ladies”, the goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet, representing Upper and Lower Egypt respectively.

Nebty name

Wer habu-sed mi Tatenen

wr-ḥꜤbw-sd-mi-tꜢ-ṯnn

Great of Sed festivals like Tatenen

wr:r-O23F-Z3-mi-C18C

Passim
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 166-167, 2:N1a

Nebty name variant A

Wer habu-sed mi Tatenen

wr-ḥꜤbw-sd-mi-tꜢṯnn

Great of Sed festivals like Tatenen

wr:r-O23F-Z3-mi-i-N16:T:n:n-C18C

The Epigraphic Survey, Medinet Habu, I, plate 46 (bottom)
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 166-167, 2:N1b

Nebty name variant B

User pehty mi itef Mentju, seksek pedjut 9, der em tasen

wsr-pḥti-mi-it.f-mnṯw sksk-pḏt-dr-m-tꜢ.sn

Powerful of strength like his father Montu, who has annihilated the Nine Bows and repelled (them) in their (own) countries

wsr-s-r:D40-F9:t*y:D40-mi-i-i-t:f-A40*1:f-mn:n:T-w-A40-s-V116-s-V116-T30:D40-pD:t*3:3*3-d:r:D40-Aa15:N17:Z1*N21-z:n:3

The Epigraphic Survey, Medinet Habu, I, plate 46 (1)
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions , V, 37:10-11
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 166-167, 2:N2

Nebty name variant C

Ir Maat en pesdjet, seheb rauper Ra neb

iri-mꜢꜤt-n-psḏt sḥꜢb-rꜢw-pr-mi-kꜢw-rꜤ-nb

Who has accomplished Maat for the Ennead and made (their) temples festive daily

ir:t:Aa11:n-N10:t-nTr-Z3-s*H*b:W3-r:2:pr:2-Z3:Z1-O49:O49-Z3-Aa15:kA*1:Z2-ra*Z1:nb

The Epigraphic Survey, Medinet Habu, VI, plate 391 (b)
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions , V, 314:8-9
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 166-167, 2:N3

Golden Horus names

Horus perched on Gold, which was associated with eternity, but its meaning is disputed.

Golden Horus name

User renput mi Itemu

wsr-rnpwt-mi-itm

Rich in years like Atum

wsr-rnp*rnp*rnp-mi-A45

Passim
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 166-167, 2:G1a

Golden Horus name variant A

An tjel em mesu netjeru netjeriut qab aabetsen

Ꜥn-ṯl-m-mswt-nṯrw-nṯrwt ḳꜢb-ꜤꜢbt.sn

Beautiful and mighty, as the (very) progeny of gods and goddesses, who has doubled their offerings

a:n:D6-U33-n:Z2:r*Z1:D40-m-ms-nTr-Z3-nTr-t:r:2-i-i-t:H8-I12:3-q&b-F47:Y1-M19-W3:ra-z:n:Z2

The Epigraphic Survey, Medinet Habu, VI, plate 391 (b)
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions , V, 314:9
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 166-167, 2:G3

Golden Horus name variant B

Netjeri em peref em khet suhet iqeret sebqet en Hor-akhty

nṯri-m-pri.f-m-ẖt swḥt-iḳrt-sbḳt-n-ḥrꜢḫti

Divine as soon as he emerged from the womb, the excellent and precious egg of Harakhty

nTr-t:r:y-Y1:Aa15:pr*(r:D54)-f:Aa15:X-t:Z1:F51B-s-w-H-t:H8-i-q:r:t-Y1:s*b*(q:t)*A53-G5&N19

The Epigraphic Survey, Medinet Habu, I, plate 46 (1-2)
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions , V, 37:11
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 166-167, 2:G2

Golden Horus name variant C

Qen neb khepesh ir tash er meref emsa kheftiuf

ḳnw nb-ḫpšwi iri-tꜢš-r-mri.f-m-sꜢ-ḫftiw.f

The brave one, possessor of a strong arm, who has made (his) border as he wished, behind his enemies

q:n:D40-nb:xpS:xpS-y:W-ir:t:N37-Z9*N21:r-U7:r:f-Aa15:Aa18*1-x:f-A14A:f

The Epigraphic Survey, Medinet Habu, I, plate 27 (2)
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions , V, 20:15–16
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 166-167, 2:G4

Throne names

Announced at the coronation and always written in a cartouche. The “official” name of the pharaoh. Also known as the Prenomen.

Throne name

User Maat Ra, mery Amun

wsr-mꜢꜤt-rꜤ mri-imn

Strong is the Maat of Ra, beloved of Amun

ra-wsr-mAat-N36-i-mn:n

Passim
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 166-167, 2:T1

Throne name variant

User Maat Ra, mery Amun

wsr-mꜢꜤt-rꜤ mri-imn

Strong is the Maat of Ra, beloved of Amun

ra-wsr-C10A-i-mn:n:N36

Passim
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 166-167, 2:T2

Birth names

Personal name given at birth. Also known as the Nomen.

Birth name

Ramessu heqa Iunu

rꜤ-msi-sw ḥḳꜢ-iwnw

Ramesses, ruler of Heliopolis

C2-ms-s-s-HqA-iwn

Passim
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 166-167, 2:E1

Birth name variant A

Ramessu heqa Iunu

rꜤ-msi-sw ḥḳꜢ-iwnw

Ramesses, ruler of Heliopolis

C2-ms-z:z-HqA-q-iwn

Passim
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 166-167, 2:E2

Birth name variant B

Ramessu heqa Iunu

rꜤ-msi-sw ḥḳꜢ-iwnw

Ramesses, ruler of Heliopolis

C2-ms-z:z-HqA-iwn

Passim

Birth name variant C

Ramessu heqa Iunu

rꜤ-msi-sw ḥḳꜢ-iwnw

Ramesses, ruler of Heliopolis

C2-F31-S29-M23-S38-O28

Limestone lintel, British Museum EA1344.
Porter & Moss, Topographical Bibliography III (part): 829
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 166-167, 2:E3

The sources of antiquity

From the writings of the historians and scholars of antiquity

Bibliography

• Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 19 (1913): 156–178
• Beckerath, J., 1999. “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, Second edition, MÄS 49: 164–167
• Leprohon, R. J., 2013. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary. Atlanta: 127–130
• Baker. D. D., 2008. The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I. London: 312–316