The first pharaoh of the Twenty-first Dynasty, a.k.a. Nesbanebdjed, Nesybanebdjedet
| Precedessor Successor | |
|---|---|
| Reign of Smendes I | |
| AE Chronology | 1076–1052 |
| v. Beckerath | 1070–1044 |
| Shaw | 1069–1043 |
| Dodson | 1064–1038 |
| Redford | 1081–1055 |
| Manetho | 26 years |
After burying Ramesses XI, he succeeded him, but only in Lower Egypt, a territory which he controlled. The High Priests of Amun at Thebes effectively controlled Upper Egypt. His Egyptian name was actually Nisubanebdjed, but it was transcribed into ancient Greek as Smendes.
The Royal Titulary
From the hieroglyphic records
Horus Ka nakht mery Ra seuser Amun khepeshef er seqa Maat
The Dual King Hedj kheper Ra, setep en Ra Son of Ra Nisu ba-neb-djed mery Amun
Horus name
The oldest form of the name of a pharaoh, a falcon representing Horus is perched on the palace facade.
Horus name
Ka nakht mery Ra seuser Amun khepeshef er seqa Maat
kꜢ-nḫt-mri-rꜤ swsr-imn ḫpš.f-r-sḳꜢi-mꜢꜤt
Strong bull, beloved of Ra, whose arm Amun has strengthened in order to offer up Maat
E2:D40-ra:Z1-mr-s-wsr-s-r:D40-i-mn:n-xpS:f:r-s-q-A28-U5:a-t:H8
RecTrav 10, 135 (1)
Translation: Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, Strong bull, beloved of Ra, whose arm Amun has strengthened in order to offer up Maat
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 178-179, 1:H
Translation: Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, Strong bull, beloved of Ra, whose arm Amun has strengthened in order to offer up Maat
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 178-179, 1:H
Nebty name
The “Two Ladies”, the goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet, representing Upper and Lower Egypt respectively.
Nebty name
Sekhem pehty hui reqiuef behatuef hepet em..
sḫm-pḥti ḥwi-rḳw.f-bhꜢtw.f- ḥtp-m-..
Powerful of might, who has struck down his opponents who flee from him, who has embraced by means of...
sxm-F9:F9-H-A24-r:q-i-i-A14A-Z2:f-b-h-A-D54:t-w-f:H*(p:t)-D199-m
RecTrav 10, 135 (1)
Translation: Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, Powerful of might, who has struck down his opponents who flee from him, who has embraced by means of...
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 178-179, 1:N
Translation: Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, Powerful of might, who has struck down his opponents who flee from him, who has embraced by means of...
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 178-179, 1:N
Golden Horus name
Horus perched on Gold, which was associated with eternity, but its meaning is disputed.
Golden Horus name
..khesef denden
..ḫsf-dndn
... who drove away anger
U35-d:n:d:n-F6:D40
RecTrav 10, 135 (2)
Translation: Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, ... who drove away anger
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 178-179, 1:G
Translation: Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, ... who drove away anger
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 178-179, 1:G
Throne name
Announced at the coronation and always written in a cartouche. The “official” name of the pharaoh. Also known as the Prenomen.
Throne name
Hedj kheper Ra, setep en Ra
ḥḏ-ḫpr-rꜤ stp.n-rꜤ
The dazzling one is the (very) manifestation of Ra
ra-S1-xpr-stp&n&ra
RecTrav 10, 135 (2)
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 178-179, 1:T
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 178-179, 1:T
Birth names
Personal name given at birth. Also known as the Nomen.
Birth name
Nisu ba-neb-djed mery Amun
ni-sw-bꜢ-nb-ḏdt mri-imn
He belongs to the ram, the lord of Mendes, beloved of Amun
i-mn:n:U7-F20:z-E10-Dd-Dd-t:O49
RecTrav 10, 135
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 178-179, 1:E3
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 178-179, 1:E3
Birth name variant
Nisu ba-n-djed mery Amun
ni-sw-bꜢ-n-ḏdt mri-imn
He belongs to the ram, the lord of Mendes, beloved of Amun
i-mn:n:U7-ns&E10-nb:Dd*Dd
PSBA 14, 248
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 178-179, 1:E2
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 178-179, 1:E2
The sources of antiquity
From the writings of the historians and scholars of antiquity
| Author | Greek | Transcription | Reign |
|---|---|---|---|
| Africanus xxi, 1 | Σμενδης | Smendes | 26 years |
| Eusebius xxi, 1 | Σμενδις | Smendis | 26 years |
| Jerome | Semendis | 26 years |
Bibliography
- Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 19 (1913): 287–288
- Beckerath, J., 1999. “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, Second edition, MÄS 49: 178–179
- Leprohon, R. J., 2013. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary. Atlanta: 138
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Yes, you would be surprised...
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