The reign of Amenemhat III is regarded as the Golden Age of the Middle Kingdom, and he had the Great Canal built to link the Fayum with the Nile. His name in Manetho's king list is Lakhares or Lamaris, while Herodotus transcribed his name as Moerios, which Diodorus wrote as Moiris. His name is present on the Abydos and Saqqara king lists, and unfortunately the Turin Canon does not preserve his name, only a reign of 40+x years in location where his name would have been found.
| Precedessor Successor | |
|---|---|
| Reign of Amenemhat III | |
| AE Chronology | 1818–1773 |
| Shaw | 1831–1786 |
| Dodson | 1842–1794 |
| Arnold | 1844–1797 |
| Malek | 1859–1814 |
| Grimal | 1842–1797 |
| Franke | 1818–1773 |
| Redford | 1843–1797 |
| Turin King List | 40+x years |
| Manetho | 8 years |
| Highest attestation | Year 46 |
The Royal Titulary
From the hieroglyphic records
Horus Aa bau The Dual King Ni Maat Ra Son of Ra Amenemhat
Horus names
The oldest form of the name of a pharaoh, a falcon representing Horus is perched on the palace facade.
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, II, 140g
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 86-87, 6:H1
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, II, 138g
Nebty names
The “Two Ladies”, the goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet, representing Upper and Lower Egypt respectively.
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 86-87, 6:N2
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 86-87, 6:N3
Golden Horus names
Horus perched on Gold, which was associated with eternity, but its meaning is disputed.
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 86-87, 6:G3
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 86-87, 6:G2
Throne names
Announced at the coronation and always written in a cartouche. The “official” name of the pharaoh. Also known as the Prenomen.
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 86-87, 6:T1
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 86-87, 6:T4
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions , III, 481 (20)
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions , I, 179 (64)
ASAE , 3,207 (JE 35122)
Gardiner, The Royal Canon of Turin (1959) V:25
Birth name
Personal name given at birth. Also known as the Nomen.
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 86-87, 6:E
The sources of antiquity
From the writings of the historians and scholars of antiquity
| Author | Greek | Transcription | Reign |
|---|---|---|---|
| Africanus xii, 4 | Λαχαρης | Lachares | 8 years |
| Eusebius xii, 4 | Λαμαρις | Lamaris | 8 years |
| Herodotus 101.1 | Μοιριος | Moerius | |
| Diodorus 1.51.5 | Μοιρις | Moeris | |
| Eratosthenes 35 | Μαρης | Mares | 43 |
Bibliography
- Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 17 (1907): 319–337
- Beckerath, J., 1999. “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, Second edition, MÄS 49: 86–87
- Leprohon, R. J., 2013. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary. Atlanta: 59
- Baker. D. D., 2008. The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I. London: 26–29
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