The Thirteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt
The true chronology and number of kings of the Thirteenth Dynasty is very difficult to determine as many of the kings' names are only known from fragmentary inscriptions or scarabs. Furthermore, the placement of many kings listed in this dynasty is very uncertain and disputed among Egyptologists.
| # | Pharaoh | Throne name | Also known as | Reign* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sobekhotep I | Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep | 1803–1800 | |
| 2 | Sonbef | Sekhemkara | Sekhemkare Amenemhat Sonbef | 1800–1796 |
| 3 | Nerikara | Nerikare | 1796 | |
| 4 | Sekhemkara Amenemhat | Amenemhat V | 1796–1793 | |
| 5 | Ameny Qemau | 1793–1791 | ||
| 6 | Qemau Siharnedjheritef | Hotepibra | Amenemhat VI | 1791–1788 |
| 7 | Iufni | 1788 | ||
| 8 | Sankhibra Amenemhat | 1788–1785 | ||
| 9 | Nebnun | Semenkara | Semenkare Nebnun, Nebennu | 1785–1783 |
| 10 | Sewesekhtawy Sehotepibra | 1783–1781 | ||
| 11 | Sewadjkara | 1781 | ||
| 12 | Nedjemibra | 1780 | ||
| 13 | Sobekhotep II | Khaankhre Sobekhotep, Sobekhotep I in older studies | 1780–1777 | |
| 14 | Ranisonb | 1777 | ||
| 15 | Hor I | 1777–1775 | ||
| 16 | Sekhemra Khutawy | 1775–1772 | ||
| 17 | Djedkheperu | 1772–1770 | ||
| 18 | Sebkay | 1770–1769 | ||
| 19 | Sedjefakara Kay-Amenemhat | Amenemhat VII | 1769–1766 | |
| 20 | Wegaf | 1766–1764 | ||
| 21 | Khendjer | 1764–1759 | ||
| 22 | Imyremeshaw | Smenkhkare Emramesha | 1759 | |
| 23 | Intef IV | Sehotepkara | Intef V, Sehotepkare Intef | |
| 24 | Meribra Seth | 1749 | ||
| 25 | Sobekhotep III | Sekhemre Sewadjtawy Sobkhotep | 1749–1742 | |
| 26 | Neferhotep I | Khasekhemra | Khasekhemre Neferhotep | 1742–1731 |
| 27 | Sihathor | Menwadjra | Menwadjre Sihathor, Sahathor | 1733 |
| 28 | Sobekhotep IV | Khaneferra | Khaneferre Sobekhotep | 1732–1720 |
| 29 | Sobekhotep V | Merhotepra | Merhotepre Sobekhotep, Sobekhotep VI in older studies | 1720–1717 |
| 30 | Sobekhotep VI | Khahotepra | Khahotepre Sobekhotep, Sobekhotep V | 1717–1712 |
| 31 | Wahibra Jaib | Wahibra | Wahibre Iaib, Wahibre Ibiau | 1712–1701 |
| 32 | Aya | Merneferra | Merneferre Ay | 1701–1677 |
| 33 | Ini | Merhotepra | Merhotepre | 1677–1675 |
| 34 | Sewadjtu | Sankhenra | Sankhenre | 1675–1672 |
| 35 | Ined | Mersekhemra | Mersekhemre | 1672–1669 |
| 36 | Sewadjkara Hori | 1669–1664 | ||
| 37 | Sobekhotep VII | Merkaure Sobekhotep | 1664–1662 | |
| 46 | Merkheperra | Merkheperre | ||
| 47 | Merkara | Merkare | ||
| 49 | Mentuhotep V | Sewadjare Mentuhotep, Mentuhotep VI | ||
| 51 | Ibi | |||
| 52 | Hor II | |||
| 53 | Se...kara | Sekare | ||
| 54 | Sankhptahi |
Unplaced kings
| # | Pharaoh | Throne name | Also known as | Reign* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | Sekhaenra | Yakbim, Yakobmu | ||
| — | Maara Sobekhotep | Sobekhotep IX | ||
| — | Senebmiu |
- Turin king list
223 kings – Dynasty 19 - Abydos Canon
76 kings – Dynasty 19 - Saqqara Canon
58 kings – Dynasty 19 - Karnak Canon
61 kings – Dynasty 18 - Comparing the canons
Abydos, Saqqara and Karnak - Ramesseum Canon
Ramesses II Mortuary Temple - Medinet Habu Canon
Ramesses III Mortuary Temple
Ancient historians
- Herodotus
450 BC – Histories - Manetho
250 BC – Aegyptiaca - Diodorus
50 BC – Bibliotheca Historica - Josephus
100 CE – Against Apion - Africanus
220 CE – Chronographai - Eusebius
325 CE – Chronicon - Jerome
380 CE – Chronicon - Syncellus
800 CE – Egloga Chronographai - Eratosthenes
Probably a forgery (date unknown) - Comparing the sources
Transmission of Manetho
by Africanus et. al.
OK – Old Kingdom
Dynasties 3-6
MK – Middle Kingdom
Dynasties 11-12
NK – New Kingdom
Dynasties 18-20
SIP – Second Intermediate Period
Dynasties 13-17
Thebes – The Southern capital
Memphis – The Northern capital
Epitome – Manetho’s original Aegyptiaca was lost in antiquity, and in the following centuries, it was replaced by Epitomes (summaries) by rivalling advocates of Jewish, Egyptian, and Greek history that saw each side trying to establish the truth according to their point of view.
Vorlage – From the German for prototype or template, a vorlage is a prior version of a manuscript, in this case an earlier version of the canon.
Recto and verso – Recto is the front side and verso is the back side of a written or printed text.
Cartouche – oval band enclosing a pharaohs name
Hieratic – cursive form of hieroglyphic script
Hyksos – Greek form of
Mortuary Temple – where the gods and the king who built the temple were worshipped.
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