Ahmose I
| Also known as: Amasis, Amosis | Dynasty XVIII |
Ahmose I succeeded his brother Kamose when he was only around ten years old, and his mother likely acted as regent for the first couple years. Manetho saw the expulsion of the Hyksos as an important enough event to mark it as a start of a new dynasty.
Manetho's first ruler of this new dynasty, was according to Africanus, Amos. or, according to Eusebius, Amosis. Josephus named him Tethmosis, probably because the epitome of Manetho that Josephus had access to contained errors not present in the epitomes used by Africanus or Eusebius.
| Reign of Ahmose I | |
|---|---|
| AE Chronology | 1539–1515 |
| von Beckerath | 1550–1525 |
| Shaw | 1550–1525 |
| Dodson | 1549–1524 |
| Malek | 1540–1525 |
| Arnold | 1550–1525 |
| Grimal | 1552–1526 |
| Redford | 1569–1545 |
| Manetho (Josephus) | 25y 4m |
| Manetho (Eusebius) | 25 years |
| Manetho (Jerome) | 25 years |
| Highest attestation | Year 22 |
The Royal Titulary
From the hieroglyphic records
Horus name
Aa kheperu
ꜤꜢ-ḫprw
Great of manifestations
aA:xpr*w
Cairo Museum stela CG 34001
ASAE, 4, 27
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 132-133, 1:H1
ASAE, 4, 27
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 132-133, 1:H1
Horus name variant
Aa kheperu
ꜤꜢ-ḫprw
Great of manifestations
O29v-xpr:Z2
Axe of Ahmose handle, CG 52645 (plate XLII)
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 132-133, 1:H2
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 132-133, 1:H2
Horus name variant
Ka em Waset
kꜢ-m-wꜢst
The bull in Thebes
E1-m-R19:t
Stela of Ahmose honouring Tetisheri, CG 34002
Ayrton, Currelly and Weigall, Abydos, III, (1904) plate LII
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 132-133, 1:H3
Ayrton, Currelly and Weigall, Abydos, III, (1904) plate LII
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 132-133, 1:H3
Nebty name
Tut mesut
twt-mswt
The (very) image of (re-)birth
t:t-A53-ms:t-w
Cairo Museum stela CG 34001
ASAE, 4, 27
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 132-133, 1:N
ASAE, 4, 27
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 132-133, 1:N
Nebty name variant
Tut mesut
twt-mswt
The (very) image of (re-)birth
t:t-A53-ms*s-w-t
Axe of Ahmose handle, CG 52645 (plate XLII)
Golden Horus name
Tjes tawy
ṯs-tꜢwi
The one who has bound the Two Lands
Tz:z:N17:N17
Cairo Museum stela CG 34001
ASAE, 4, 27
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 132-133, 1:G
ASAE, 4, 27
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 132-133, 1:G
Golden Horus name variant
Tjes tawy
ṯs-tꜢwi
The one who has bound the Two Lands
Tz:N17:N17
Axe of Ahmose handle, CG 52645 (plate XLII)
Throne name
Neb pehty Ra
nb-pḥti-rꜤ
The possessor of the might of Ra
ra-nb-F9
Bracelet of queen Ahhotep, CG 52069 (JE 4684)
ZÄS 136. 126–129, pl. XVII
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 132-133, 1:T2
ZÄS 136. 126–129, pl. XVII
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 132-133, 1:T2
Throne name variant
Neb pehty Ra
nb-pḥti-rꜤ
The possessor of the might of Ra
ra-F9-nb
Saqqara king list 12
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, III, 471 (12)
Kitchen. Ramesside Inscriptions, III, 471 (12)
Throne name variant
Neb pehty Ra
nb-pḥti-rꜤ
The possessor of the might of Ra
ra-nb-F9:t*t
Abydos king list 66
Cairo Museum stela CG 34001
ASAE, 4, 27
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 132-133, 1:T1
Cairo Museum stela CG 34001
ASAE, 4, 27
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 132-133, 1:T1
Throne name variant
Neb pehty Ra
nb-pḥti-rꜤ
The possessor of the might of Ra
ra:nb-F9-F9
Urkunden des Ägyptische Alterthums, IV, 34
Young, Hieroglyphics, II, plate 88
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 132-133, 1:T3
Young, Hieroglyphics, II, plate 88
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 132-133, 1:T3
Throne name variant
Neb pehty Ra
nb-pḥti-rꜤ
The possessor of the might of Ra
ra:nb-F9*F9:F9
Stela of Amenhotep I and Ahmose being adored, CG 34037 (JE 27573)
Porter & Moss, Topographical Bibliography, I2, 800
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 132-133, 1:T4
Porter & Moss, Topographical Bibliography, I2, 800
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 132-133, 1:T4
Birth name
Iah mesu
iꜤh-msi(w)
Ahmose (Iah is born)
N12\R180-ms
Bracelet of queen Ahhotep, CG 52069 (JE 4684)
ZÄS 136. 126–129, pl. XVII
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 132-133, 1:E3
ZÄS 136. 126–129, pl. XVII
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 132-133, 1:E3
Birth name variant
Iah mesu
iꜤḥms(iw)
Ahmose (Iah is born)
N12-ms-s
Cairo Museum stela CG 34001
ASAE, 4, 27
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 132-133, 1:E1
ASAE, 4, 27
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 132-133, 1:E1
Birth name variant
Iah mesu
iꜤh-msi(w)
Ahmose (Iah is born)
N12\R180-ms:z
Axe of Ahmose head, CG 52645 (plate XLIII)
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 132-133, 1:E2
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 132-133, 1:E2
Birth name variant
Iah mesu nakht
iꜤh-msi(w) nḫt
Ahmose (Iah is born) the victorious
N12\R180-ms-s-D40
Axe of Ahmose handle, CG 52645 (plate XLII)
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 132-133, 1:E4
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 132-133, 1:E4
Birth name variant
Iah mesu
iꜤh-msi(w)
Ahmose (Iah is born)
iaH-ms-s
Young, Hieroglyphics, II, plate 88
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 132-133, 1:E5
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 132-133, 1:E5
Birth name variant
Iah mesu
iꜤh-msi(w)
Ahmose (Iah is born)
iaH-ms:z
Stela of Ahmose honouring Tetisheri, CG 34002
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 132-133, 1:E6
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 132-133, 1:E6
Birth name variant
Iah mesu
iꜤh-msi(w)
Ahmose (Iah is born)
iaH-ms-s-i-i
Fabretti, Regio Museo di Torino. Antichita Egizie, no. 3032
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 132-133, 1:E7
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 132-133, 1:E7
The complete titulary
Sources containing all five names of the royal titulary
Ahmose I stela found at Great Temple of Karnak, court 3
Cairo Museum CG 34001 (JE 38246); Porter & Moss, II, 179; ASAE, 4, 27
Axe of Ahmose
Cairo Museum CG 52645 (JE 4673); Porter & Moss, I, 600–601
The sources of antiquity
From the writings of the historians and scholars of antiquity
| Author | Greek | Transliteration | Transcription | Reign |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africanus xviii, 1 | Aμως | Amos | Amos | |
| Eusebius xviii, 1 | Aμωσις | Amosis | Amosis | 25 years |
| Jerome | Amosis | 25 years | ||
| Josephus 94 | Τεθμωσις | Tethmosis | Tethmosis | 25 years, 4 months |
Bibliography
Beckerath, J. Handbuch der Ägyptischen Königsnamen, MÄS 49 (1999): 132–133
Baker. D. D. The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I – Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC (London, 2008), 9–11
Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 18 (1912): 175–196
Leprohon, R. J. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary (Atlanta, 2013), 95–96
The Royal titulary
The full titulary was announced at the coronation, when a pharaoh officially became king.
Horus name
The oldest form of a pharaoh's name, often enclosed in a serekh, a sort of "heraldic crest" representing a palace facade.
Nebty name
The "Two Ladies", the heraldic goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet, representing Upper and Lower Egypt respectively.
Golden Horus name
Gold was strongly associated with eternity, but the meaning of this title is disputed.
Throne name
(prenomen) Announced at the coronation, and written in a cartouche.
Personal name
(nomen) The name given at birth, also written in a cartouche.
Kinglists
- Turin king list
223 kings – Dynasty 19 - Abydos Canon
76 kings – Dynasty 19 - Saqqara Canon
58 kings – Dynasty 19 - Karnak Canon
61 kings – Dynasty 18 - Comparing the canons
Abydos, Saqqara and Karnak - Ramesseum Canon
Ramesses II Mortuary Temple - Medinet Habu Canon
Ramesses III Mortuary Temple
Ancient historians
- Herodotus
450 BC – Histories - Manetho
250 BC – Aegyptiaca - Diodorus
50 BC – Bibliotheca Historica - Josephus
100 CE – Against Apion - Africanus
220 CE – Chronographai - Eusebius
325 CE – Chronicon - Jerome
380 CE – Chronicon - Syncellus
800 CE – Egloga Chronographai - Eratosthenes
Probably a forgery (date unknown) - Comparing the sources
Transmission of Manetho
by Africanus et. al.
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