Nebka
| Also known as: Hen Nekht (not in use anymore) | Dynasty III |
The Horus name Sanakht might be connected to Nebka, but it is still uncertain and Egyptologists still argue the question. The New Kingdom king lists of Abydos and Turin place Nebka before Djoser in the third dynasty, while the Saqqara list place Nebka after Djoser and Sekhemkhet. The archaeological evidence show that the founder of the dynasty was most likely Djoser, and not Nebka.
The first name of the dynasty according to Manetho via Africanus is Necherophes.
| Reign of Nebka | |
|---|---|
| von Beckerath | 2686–2665 |
| Shaw | 2686–2667 |
| Dodson | 2565–2556 |
| Allen | 2649–2630 |
| Malek | 2647–2628 |
| Redford | 2688–2682 |
| Turin Canon | 19 (years) |
| Manetho (Africanus) | 28 years |
The Royal Titulary
From the hieroglyphic records
Rock inscription EA 691 in the British Museum
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 50-51, a:H1
Gardiner, The Royal Canon of Turin (1959), III:4
The cartouche is missing on the papyrus.
Westcar papyrus 1.19
Petrie Scarabs, plate VIII (Dynasty III, 1-4)
The sources of antiquity
From the writings of the historians and scholars of antiquity
| Author | Greek | Transliteration | Transcription | Reign |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africanus iii, 1 | Nεχερoφης | Nekherophes | Necherophes | 28 years |
| Eusebius iii, 1 | Νεχερωχις | Nekherokhis | Necherochis |
Bibliography
Beckerath, J. Handbuch der Ägyptischen Königsnamen, MÄS 49 (1999): 50–51
Baker. D. D. The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I – Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC (London, 2008), 347–348
Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 17 (1907): 48–49
Leprohon, R. J. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary (Atlanta, 2013), 33
The full titulary was announced at the coronation, when a pharaoh officially became king.
Horus name
The oldest form of a pharaoh's name, often enclosed in a serekh, a sort of "heraldic crest" representing a palace facade.
Nebty name
The "Two Ladies", the heraldic goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet, representing Upper and Lower Egypt respectively.
Golden Horus name
Gold was strongly associated with eternity, but the meaning of this title is disputed.
Throne name
(prenomen) Announced at the coronation, and written in a cartouche.
Personal name
(nomen) The name given at birth, also written in a cartouche.
- Turin king list
223 kings – Dynasty 19 - Abydos Canon
76 kings – Dynasty 19 - Saqqara Canon
58 kings – Dynasty 19 - Karnak Canon
61 kings – Dynasty 18 - Comparing the canons
Abydos, Saqqara and Karnak - Ramesseum Canon
Ramesses II Mortuary Temple - Medinet Habu Canon
Ramesses III Mortuary Temple
Ancient historians
- Herodotus
450 BC – Histories - Manetho
250 BC – Aegyptiaca - Diodorus
50 BC – Bibliotheca Historica - Josephus
100 CE – Against Apion - Africanus
220 CE – Chronographai - Eusebius
325 CE – Chronicon - Jerome
380 CE – Chronicon - Syncellus
800 CE – Egloga Chronographai - Eratosthenes
Probably a forgery (date unknown) - Comparing the sources
Transmission of Manetho
by Africanus et. al.
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