Nebka

Also known as: Hen Nekht (not in use anymore) Dynasty III

The Horus name Sanakht might be connected to Nebka, but it is still uncertain and Egyptologists still argue the question. The New Kingdom king lists of Abydos and Turin place Nebka before Djoser in the third dynasty, while the Saqqara list place Nebka after Djoser and Sekhemkhet. The archaeological evidence show that the founder of the dynasty was most likely Djoser, and not Nebka.
The first name of the dynasty according to Manetho via Africanus is Necherophes.

Reign of Nebka
von Beckerath2686–2665
Shaw2686–2667
Dodson2565–2556
Allen2649–2630
Malek2647–2628
Redford2688–2682
Turin Canon19 (years)
Manetho (Africanus)28 years

 

The Royal Titulary

From the hieroglyphic records

Horus name
Horus name of Nebka: Sanakht
Sanakht
sꜢ-nḫt
V18-n:M3
Garstang, Mahasna, plate XIX (1-5)
Rock inscription EA 691 in the British Museum
, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (), 50-51, a:H1
Throne name
Throne name of Nebka: Neb ka*
Neb ka*
nb-kꜢ
nb-kA-Z1-//
Royal Canon of Turin 4.4
Gardiner, The Royal Canon of Turin (1959), III:4
The cartouche is missing on the papyrus.
Throne name variant
Throne name of Nebka: Neb ka*
Neb ka*
nb-kꜢ
nb-kA-Z1
Abydos king list 15
Westcar papyrus 1.19
Throne name variant
Throne name of Nebka: Neb ka Ra
Neb ka Ra
nb-kꜢ-rꜤ*
ra:nb-kA
Saqqara king list 45
Petrie Scarabs, plate VIII (Dynasty III, 1-4)

The sources of antiquity

From the writings of the historians and scholars of antiquity

AuthorGreekTransliterationTranscriptionReign
Africanus iii, 1 Nεχερoφης Nekherophes Necherophes 28 years
Eusebius iii, 1 Νεχερωχις Nekherokhis Necherochis

Bibliography


Handbuch der Ägyptischen Königsnamen, MÄS 49 (1999): 50–51
The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I – Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC (London, 2008), 347–348
Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 17 (1907): 48–49
The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary (Atlanta, 2013), 33

 

End of page
The Royal titulary

The full titulary was announced at the coronation, when a pharaoh officially became king.

Horus
Horus name
The oldest form of a pharaoh's name, often enclosed in a serekh, a sort of "heraldic crest" representing a palace facade.

Nebty
Nebty name
The "Two Ladies", the heraldic goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet, representing Upper and Lower Egypt respectively.

Golden Horus
Golden Horus name
Gold was strongly associated with eternity, but the meaning of this title is disputed.

Prenomen
Throne name
(prenomen) Announced at the coronation, and written in a cartouche.

Nomen
Personal name
(nomen) The name given at birth, also written in a cartouche.

Kinglists
Ancient historians

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