Smenkhkara
| Also known as: Smenkhare, Smenkare | Dynasty XVIII |
Very little is known of Smenkhkara because from the reign of Horemhab and on the pharaohs sought to erase the entire Amarna Period from history. The scant evidence that does exist is ambigous and often conflicting, and this very hard to interpret with any certainty. The throne name of Smekhkara, Ankhkheperura is the same used by Neferneferuaten, which has led to a great deal of confusion as throne names tended to be unique. It is now widely accepted that if Ankhkheperura include an epiteth, it belongs to Neferneferuaten, while if no epiteth is included, it belongs to Smekhkara.
| Reign of Smenkhkara | |
|---|---|
| AE Chronology | 1336–1334 |
| von Beckerath | 1338–1335 |
| Shaw | 1338–1336 |
| Dodson | 1346 |
| Malek | 1338–1336 |
| Grimal | 1338–1336 |
| Redford | 1355 |
| Manetho (Josephus) | 12y 3m |
The Royal Titulary
From the hieroglyphic records
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), III, 99a
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 144-145, 11:T3
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), III, 99a
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 144-145, 11:E4
Bibliography
Beckerath, J. Handbuch der Ägyptischen Königsnamen, MÄS 49 (1999): 144–145
Baker. D. D. The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I – Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC (London, 2008), 435–436
Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 18 (1912): 362–364
Leprohon, R. J. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary (Atlanta, 2013), 105
The full titulary was announced at the coronation, when a pharaoh officially became king.
Horus name
The oldest form of a pharaoh's name, often enclosed in a serekh, a sort of "heraldic crest" representing a palace facade.
Nebty name
The "Two Ladies", the heraldic goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet, representing Upper and Lower Egypt respectively.
Golden Horus name
Gold was strongly associated with eternity, but the meaning of this title is disputed.
Throne name
(prenomen) Announced at the coronation, and written in a cartouche.
Personal name
(nomen) The name given at birth, also written in a cartouche.
- Turin king list
223 kings – Dynasty 19 - Abydos Canon
76 kings – Dynasty 19 - Saqqara Canon
58 kings – Dynasty 19 - Karnak Canon
61 kings – Dynasty 18 - Comparing the canons
Abydos, Saqqara and Karnak - Ramesseum Canon
Ramesses II Mortuary Temple - Medinet Habu Canon
Ramesses III Mortuary Temple
Ancient historians
- Herodotus
450 BC – Histories - Manetho
250 BC – Aegyptiaca - Diodorus
50 BC – Bibliotheca Historica - Josephus
100 CE – Against Apion - Africanus
220 CE – Chronographai - Eusebius
325 CE – Chronicon - Jerome
380 CE – Chronicon - Syncellus
800 CE – Egloga Chronographai - Eratosthenes
Probably a forgery (date unknown) - Comparing the sources
Transmission of Manetho
by Africanus et. al.
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