Nectanebo I in hieroglyphs

The first pharaoh of the Thirtieth Dynasty, a.k.a. Nectanebis, Nectanebes

Precedessor
Muthis

Successor
Djedhor Teos I

Reign of Nectanebo I
AE Chronology380–362
v. Beckerath380–362
Shaw380–362
Dodson380–362
Redford380–363
Manetho (Africanus)18 years
Manetho (Eusebius)10 years

The Royal Titulary

From the hieroglyphic records

The Dual King
The Son of Ra

Horus Tjema a  The Dual King Kheper ka Ra  Son of Ra Nakht nebef

Horus names

Horus name

The oldest form of the name of a pharaoh, a falcon representing Horus is perched on the palace facade.

Horus name
Horus name
Tjema a
ṯmꜢ-Ꜥ
The sturdy-armed one
T:U2a-Z1:a
ASAE 6: 122
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 226-227, 1:H1
Horus name variant
Horus name
Tjema a
tmꜢ-Ꜥ
The sturdy-armed one
T:U2-a
ZÄS 38: 127
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 226-227, 1:H2
Horus name variant
Horus name
Tjema a
ṯmꜢ-Ꜥ
The sturdy-armed one
T-U4-Z1:a
ZÄS 23: 4
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 226-227, 1:H3
Horus name variant
Horus name
Tjema a
ṯmꜢ-Ꜥ
The sturdy-armed one
d:U2-a
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 285a
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 226-227, 1:H4

Nebty names

Two ladies hieroglyphs

The “Two Ladies”, the goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet, representing Upper and Lower Egypt respectively.

Nebty name
Semenekh tawy
smnḫ-tꜢwi
Who has made the Two Lands potent
s-mn:x*mnx-M127-waD
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 286d
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 226-227, 1:N1
Nebty name variant
Semenekh tawy
smnḫ-tꜢwi
Who has made the Two Lands potent
z:mn:n-x*mnx\R90:N17:N17
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 285a
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 226-227, 1:N2
Nebty name variant
Semenekh tawy
smnḫ-tꜢwi
Who has made the Two Lands potent
z:M127*mnx*wAD
Naville, The Shrine of Saft El Henneh, plate 1
Marucchi, Catalogo del museo Egizio Vaticano, p. 37-38
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 226-227, 1:N3
Nebty name variant
Semenekh tawy
smnḫ-tꜢwi
Who has made the Two Lands potent
s-M127-mnx-wAD
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 286b
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 226-227, 1:N4

Golden Horus names

Golden Horus name

Horus perched on Gold, which was associated with eternity, but its meaning is disputed.

Golden Horus name
Ir meret netjeru
iri-mrt-nṯrw
Who has accomplished what the Gods desired
ir:t*Z1:N36-R8A
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 286f
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 226-227, 1:G1
Golden Horus name variant
Ir meret netjeru
iri-mrt-nṯrw
Who has accomplished what the Gods desired
ir:N36-Z3-R8A
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 286b
Golden Horus name variant
Ir meret netjeru
iri-mrt-nṯrw
Who has accomplished what the Gods desired
ir:t:N36-R8A
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 286d
Golden Horus name variant
Ir meret netjeru
iri-mrt-nṯrw
Who has accomplished what the Gods desired
R8A-ir:N36
ZÄS 38: 127
Golden Horus name variant
Ir meret netjeru
iri-mrt-nṯrw
Who has accomplished what the Gods desired
ir:(Z1&nTr-Z1&nTr-Z1&nTr)-mr
Naville, The Shrine of Saft El Henneh, plate 1
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 226-227, 1:G2

Throne name

Prenomen or throne name

Announced at the coronation and always written in a cartouche. The “official” name of the pharaoh. Also known as the Prenomen.

Throne name
Kheper ka Ra
ḫpr-kꜢ-rꜤ
The (very) manifestation of the ka of Ra
ra-xpr-kA
Passim
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 226-227, 1:T

Birth names

Nomen or birth name

Personal name given at birth. Also known as the Nomen.

Birth name
Nakht nebef
nḫt-nb.f
The strong one of his lord
n:x*t:D40-E23:f
ZÄS 38: 127
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 226-227, 1:E1
Birth name variant
Nakht nebef
nḫt-nb.f
The strong one of his lord
n:M3-x*t:D40-E23:f
ASAE , 6, 122
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 226-227, 1:E2
Birth name variant
Nakht nebef
nḫt-nb.f
The strong one of his lord
n:M3-x:t-D40:nb-f
ZÄS 23: 5
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 226-227, 1:E3
Birth name variant
Nakht nebef
nḫt-nb.f
The strong one of his lord
n:M3:x*t-ti-nb:f
Couyat and Montet, MIFAO 34, no. 26
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 226-227, 1:E4
Birth name variant
Nakht nebef
nḫt-nb.f
The strong one of his lord
n:M3:x*t-E23:f
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 286c
Birth name variant
Nakht nebef
nḫt-nb.f
The strong one of his lord
n:x*t:D40-nb:f
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 285a
Birth name variant
Nakht nebef
nḫt-nb.f
The strong one of his lord
D40:nb-G6:f
Marucchi, Catalogo del museo Egizio Vaticano, p. 37
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 226-227, 1:E5
Birth name variant
Nakht nebef
nḫt-nb.f
The strong one of his lord
D40:x*t-nb:f
Marucchi, Catalogo del museo Egizio Vaticano, p. 49 (25)
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 226-227, 1:E6
Birth name variant
Nakht nebef
nḫt.nb.f
The strong one of his lord
D40:nb-Z1:f
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 285a
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 226-227, 1:E7
Birth name variant
Nakht nebef
nḫt-nb.f
The strong one of his lord
D40-E23:f
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 285a
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 226-227, 1:E8

The sources of antiquity

From the writings of the historians and scholars of antiquity

AuthorGreekTranscriptionReign
Africanus xxx, 1 Νεκτανέβης Nectanebes 18 years
Eusebius xxx, 1 Νεκτανεβης Nektanebes 10 years

Bibliography

  • Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 20 (1915): 183–192
  • Beckerath, J., 1999. “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, Second edition, MÄS 49: 226–227
  • Leprohon, R. J., 2013. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary. Atlanta: 171–172
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