The first pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty, a.k.a. Setnakhte
| Precedessor Successor | |
|---|---|
| Reign of Setnakht | |
| AE Chronology | 1190–1188 |
| v. Beckerath | 1186–1183 |
| Shaw | 1186–1184 |
| Dodson | 1187–1185 |
| Arnold | 1196–1194 |
| Malek | 1186–1184 |
| Grimal | 1188–1186 |
| Redford | 1200–1198 |
| Highest attestation | Year 3-4 |
The Harris papyrus mentions a time of anarchy and chaos (i.e. the last years of the nineteenth dynasty) from which Setnakht rose and restored order, gaining the throne in the process. He was probably a distant relative of the extended Ramesside royal family, or less likely, an usurper. His son Ramesses III would be the last great pharaoh of the New Kingdom. Manetho does not mention any names for the kings of this dynasty.
The Royal Titulary
From the hieroglyphic records
Horus Ka nakht wer pehty The Dual King User khau Ra, setep en Ra mery Amun Son of Ra Set nakht(e), merer Amun-Ra
Horus names
The oldest form of the name of a pharaoh, a falcon representing Horus is perched on the palace facade.
Horus name
Ka nakht wer pehty
kꜢ-nḫt wr-pḥti
The strong bull, great of might
E1:D40-wr:r-F9*F9:t*Z4
Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo , 28, plate 49
Translation: Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, The strong bull, great of might
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 1:H
Translation: Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, The strong bull, great of might
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 1:H
Horus name variant
Ka nakht wer pehty
kꜢ-nḫt wr-pḥti
The strong bull, great of might
E1:D40-wr:r-F9:F9
Gardiner, Peet, Cerny, The Inscriptions of Sinai, I, plate LXXIII (271)
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions , V, 1:7
Translation: Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, The strong bull, great of might
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions , V, 1:7
Translation: Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, The strong bull, great of might
Nebty name
The “Two Ladies”, the goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet, representing Upper and Lower Egypt respectively.
Nebty name
Tut khau mi Tatenen
twt-ḫꜤw-mi-ṯꜢ-ṯnn
The image of appearances like Tatenen
t-w&t-A53-xa:a:Z2-mi-C18
Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo , 28, plate 49
Translation: Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, The image of appearances like Tatenen
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 1:N
Translation: Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, The image of appearances like Tatenen
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 1:N
Golden Horus names
Horus perched on Gold, which was associated with eternity, but its meaning is disputed.
Golden Horus name
Sekhem khepesh der heruf
sḫm-ḫpš dr-[ḥr]w.f
Powerful of effectiveness, who has subdued his enemies
sxm-Aa15:D40-x*p:N37:xpS-d:r:D40-r:q-i-i-Z1:Z1*Z1-A14:f
Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo , 28, plate 49
Translation: Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, Powerful of effectiveness, who has subdued his enemies
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 1:G1
Translation: Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, Powerful of effectiveness, who has subdued his enemies
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 1:G1
Golden Horus name variant
Hai pedjut 9 an em nesyt
ḥꜤi-pḏt Ꜥn-m-snyt
Who has struck the Nine Bows, beautiful in kingship
pD:3*3:3-A24-i-a:n-m-sw-i-i
Gardiner, Peet, Cerny, The Inscriptions of Sinai, I, plate LXXIII (271)
Translation: Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, Who has struck the Nine Bows, beautiful in kingship
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 1:G2
Translation: Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, Who has struck the Nine Bows, beautiful in kingship
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 1:G2
Throne names
Announced at the coronation and always written in a cartouche. The “official” name of the pharaoh. Also known as the Prenomen.
Throne name
User khau Ra, setep en Ra mery Amun
wsr-ḫꜤw-rꜤ stp.n-rꜤ mri-imn
Powerful are the forms of Ra, chosen of Ra, beloved of Amun
ra-wsr-C12-N36:xa:Z2-stp&n&ra
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 206d
Throne name variant
User khau Ra, setep en Ra mery Amun
wsr-ḫꜤw-rꜤ stp.n-rꜤ mri-imn
Powerful are the forms of Ra, chosen of Ra, beloved of Amun
C2\-wsr-C12-N36:xa*3-stp&n&ra
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions , V, 5:1
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 1:T4
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 1:T4
Throne name variant
User khau Ra, setep en Ra mery Amun
wsr-ḫꜤw-rꜤ stp.n-rꜤ mri-imn
Powerful are the forms of Ra, chosen of Ra, beloved of Amun
ra-wsr-C12-N36:xa*Z2-stp&n&ra
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions , V, 4:1,3
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 1:T5
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 1:T5
Throne name variant
User khau Ra, setep en Ra mery Amun
wsr-ḫꜤw-rꜤ stp.n-rꜤ mri-imn
Powerful are the forms of Ra, chosen of Ra, beloved of Amun
ra-wsr-xa:3-stp&n&ra-i-mn:n:N36
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 206a
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 1:T6
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 1:T6
Throne name variant
User khau Ra, setep en Ra mery Amun
wsr-ḫꜤw-rꜤ stp.n-rꜤ mri-imn
–
ra-wsr-xa:a-Y1-stp&n&ra-mr-i-mn:n-A40
Papyrus Harris, I, 75,7
Bibliotheca Aegyptiaca, V, 91:15-16
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 1:T7
Bibliotheca Aegyptiaca, V, 91:15-16
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 1:T7
Throne name variant
User khau Ra, setep en Ra
wsr-ḫꜤw-rꜤ stp.n-rꜤ
Powerful are the forms of Ra, chosen of Ra
ra-wsr-xa:Z2-stp&n&ra
Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo , 28, plate 49
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 1:T1
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 1:T1
Throne name variant
User khau Ra, setep en Ra
wsr-ḫꜤw-rꜤ stp.n-rꜤ
Powerful are the forms of Ra, chosen of Ra
<1--0>-ra-wsr-xa:a*Y1-i-i-stp&n&ra#2-#b-<0--2>-#e
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions , V, 1:15
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 1:T2
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 1:T2
Throne name variant
User khau Ra, mery Amun
wsr-ḫꜤw-rꜤ mri-imn
Powerful are the forms of Ra, belived of Amun
ra-wsr-xa:3-N36:(i-mn:n)
Mariette, Abydos, II, plate 52
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions , V, 5:16
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 1:T3
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions , V, 5:16
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 1:T3
Birth names
Personal name given at birth. Also known as the Nomen.
Birth name
Set nakht(e), merer Amun-Ra
stẖ-nḫt(w) mrr-imn-rꜤ
Seth is victorious, beloved of Amun-Ra
ra-C12\-C7A-D40:N36-r:r
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 206d
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 1:E3
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 1:E3
Birth name variant
Set nakht(e), merer Amun-Ra
stẖ-nḫt(w) mrr-imn-rꜤ
Seth is victorious, beloved of Amun-Ra
ra-E21:D40-A40-U7:r*r-A2-i-mn:n:U7-A40
Papyrus Harris, I, 75,7
Bibliotheca Aegyptiaca, V, 91:15-16
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 1:E5
Bibliotheca Aegyptiaca, V, 91:15-16
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 1:E5
Birth name variant
Set nakht(e), merer Amun-Ra
stẖ-nḫt(w) mrr-imn-rꜤ
Seth is victorious, beloved of Amun-Ra
ra-C12\-C7A-N36:t:D40-N36:r:r
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions , V, 3
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 1:E2
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 1:E2
Birth name variant
Set nakht(e), merer Amun
stẖ-nḫt(w) mrr-imn
Seth is victorious, beloved of Amun
C12\-C7A-N36:r:r-D40
Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo , 28, plate 49
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 1:E1
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 1:E1
Birth name variant
Set nakht(e), merer Amun-Ra
stẖ-nḫt(w) mrr-imn
Seth is victorious, beloved of Amun-Ra
U6\-C12\-ra-C7A-D40:t-r:r
Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions , V, 3: (4b)
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 1:E4
Beckerath, “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2nd ed. MÄS 49 (1999). 164-165, 1:E4
Bibliography
- Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 19 (1913): 152–156
- Beckerath, J., 1999. “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, Second edition, MÄS 49: 164–165
- Leprohon, R. J., 2013. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary. Atlanta: 126–127
- Baker. D. D., 2008. The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I. London: 407–409
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